I


I/O request packet (IRP)

Data structures that drivers use to communicate with each other.

ICM

See definition for Image Color Management (ICM).

IDE

See definition for integrated device electronics (IDE).

IEEE 1284.4

An IEEE specification for supporting multifunction peripherals (MFPs). Windows 2000 has a driver that creates different port settings for each function of an MFP, enabling Windows 2000 print servers to simultaneously send data to multiple parts of an MFP.

IEEE 1394

A standard for high-speed serial devices such as digital video and digital audio editing equipment.

IIS

See definition for Internet Information Services (IIS).

ILS

See definition for Internet locator service (ILS).

Image Color Management (ICM)

The process of image output correction. ICM attempts to make the output more closely match the colors that are input or scanned.

import media pool

A logical collection of data-storage media that has not been cataloged by Removable Storage. Media in an import media pool should be cataloged as soon as possible so that they can be used by an application. See also media pool; Removable Storage.

incremental backup

A backup that copies only those files created or changed since the last normal or incremental backup. It marks files as having been backed up (in other words, the archive attribute is cleared). If you use a combination of normal and incremental backups to restore your data, you will need to have the last normal backup and all incremental backup sets. See also copy backup; daily backup; differential backup; normal backup.

independent client

A computer with Message Queuing installed that can host queues and store messages locally. Independent clients do not require synchronous access to a Message Queuing server to send and receive messages, but they can use Message Queuing servers with routing enabled for efficient message routing.

independent software vendors (ISVs)

A third-party software developer; an individual or an organization that independently creates computer software.

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)

A bus design specification that allows components to be added as cards plugged into standard expansion slots in IBM Personal Computers and IBM-compatible computers.

infrared (IR)

Light that is beyond red in the color spectrum. While the light is not visible to the human eye, infrared transmitters and receivers can send and receive infrared signals. See also Infrared Data Association (IrDA); infrared device; infrared port.

Infrared Data Association (IrDA)

The industry organization of computer, component, and telecommunications vendors who establish the standards for infrared communication between computers and peripheral devices, such as printers. See also infrared (IR).

infrared device

A computer, or a computer peripheral such as a printer, that can communicate by using infrared light. See also infrared (IR).

infrared port

An optical port on a computer that enables communication with other computers or devices by using infrared light, without cables. Infrared ports can be found on some portable computers, printers, and cameras. See also infrared (IR); infrared device.

Inheritance

In security, a mechanism that allows a specific access control entry (ACE) to be copied from the container where it was applied to all children of the container. Inheritance can be used to manage access to a whole subtree of objects in a single update operation. See also access control entry (ACE); Active Directory.

Initialize

In Disk Management, the process of detecting a disk or volume and assigning it a status (for example, healthy) and a type (for example, dynamic). See also basic disk; basic volume; dynamic disk; dynamic volume.

Input language

A Regional and Language Options setting that specifies the combination of the language being entered and the keyboard layout, Input Method Editor (IME), speech-to-text converter, or other device being used to enter it. Formerly known as input locale.

input locale

See definition for Input language.

input/output (I/O) port

A channel through which data is transferred between a device and the microprocessor. The port appears to the microprocessor as one or more memory addresses that it can use to send or receive data.

insert/eject port

A port that offers limited access to the cartridges in a library managed by Removable Storage. Also known as a mailslot. See also cartridge; library; Removable Storage.

Install

When referring to software, to add program files and folders to your hard disk and related data to your registry so that the software runs properly. Installing contrasts with upgrading, where existing program files, folders, and registry entries are updated to a more recent version.

When referring to hardware, to physically connect the device to your computer, to load device drivers onto your computer, and to configure device properties and settings. See also device driver; registry; uninstall.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

An organization of engineering and electronics professionals that are notable for developing standards for hardware and software.

integrated device electronics (IDE)

A type of disk-drive interface in which the controller electronics reside on the drive itself, eliminating the need for a separate adapter card. IDE offers advantages such as look-ahead caching to increase overall performance.

Integrity

A basic security function of cryptography. Integrity provides verification that the original contents of information have not been altered or corrupted. Without integrity, someone might alter information or the information might become corrupted, but the alteration can go undetected. For example, an Internet Protocol security property that protects data from unauthorized modification in transit, ensuring that the data received is exactly the same as the data sent. Hash functions sign each packet with a cryptographic checksum, which the receiving computer checks before opening the packet. If the packet and therefore signature has changed, the packet is discarded.

IntelliMirror

A set of directory-based change and configuration management features introduced in Windows 2000 and enhanced in Windows XP. When IntelliMirror is used in both the server and client, the users' data, applications, and settings follow them when they move to another computer.

interactive logon

A network logon from a computer keyboard, when the user types information in the Logon Information dialog box displayed by the computer's operating system.

International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication [Standardization Sector] (ITU-T)

The sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) responsible for telecommunication standards. ITU-T replaces the Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique (CCITT). Its responsibilities include standardizing modem design and operations, and standardizing protocols for networks and facsimile transmission. ITU is an international organization within which governments and the private sector coordinate global telecom networks and services.

Internet

internet. Two or more network segments connected by routers. Another term for internetwork.

Internet. A worldwide network of computers. If you have access to the Internet, you can retrieve information from millions of sources, including schools, governments, businesses, and individuals. See also World Wide Web.

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A required maintenance protocol in the TCP/IP suite that reports errors and allows simple connectivity. ICMP is used by the Ping tool to perform TCP/IP troubleshooting. See also Internet Protocol (IP); protocol; Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

Internet Information Services (IIS)

Software services that support Web site creation, configuration, and management, along with other Internet functions. Internet Information Services include Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). See also File Transfer Protocol (FTP); Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Internet Key Exchange (IKE)

A protocol that establishes the security association and shared keys necessary for two parties to communicate by using Internet Protocol security. See also Internet Protocol security (IPSec).

Internet locator service (ILS)

An optional component of Microsoft Site Server that creates a dynamic directory of videoconferencing users.

Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)

The protocol that uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to send print jobs to printers throughout the world. Windows 2000 and Windows XP Professional support Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) version 1.0.

Internet Protocol (IP)

A routable protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite that is responsible for IP addressing, routing, and the fragmentation and reassembly of IP packets. See also packet; Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP); voluntary tunnel.

Internet Protocol security (IPSec)

A set of industry-standard, cryptography-based protection services and protocols. IPSec protects all protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite and Internet communications by using L2TP. See also Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP); protocol; Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

Internet service provider (ISP)

A company that provides individuals or companies access to the Internet and the World Wide Web. An ISP provides a telephone number, a user name, a password, and other connection information so users can connect their computers to the ISP's computers. An ISP typically charges a monthly or hourly connection fee.

Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)

A network protocol native to NetWare that controls addressing and routing of packets within and between LANs. IPX does not guarantee that a message will be complete (no lost packets). See also Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX); local area network (LAN); Routing Information Protocol over IPX (RIPX).

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX)

Transport protocols used in Novell NetWare networks, which together correspond to the combination of TCP and IP in the TCP/IP protocol suite. Windows implements IPX through NWLink. See also Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX); NWLink; Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).

Interrupt

A request for attention from the processor. When the processor receives an interrupt, it suspends its current operations, saves the status of its work, and transfers control to a special routine known as an interrupt handler, which contains the instructions for dealing with the particular situation that caused the interrupt.

interrupt request (IRQ)

A signal sent by a device to get the attention of the processor when the device is ready to accept or send information. Each device sends its interrupt requests over a specific hardware line. Each device must be assigned a unique IRQ number.

intranet

A network within an organization that uses Internet technologies and protocols, but is available only to certain people, such as employees of a company. An intranet is also called a private network.

IP

See definition for Internet Protocol (IP).

IP address

A 32-bit address used to identify a node on an IP internetwork. Each node on the IP internetwork must be assigned a unique IP address, which is made up of the network ID, plus a unique host ID. This address is typically represented with the decimal value of each octet separated by a period (for example, 192.168.7.27). You can configure the IP address statically or dynamically by using DHCP. See also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

IP router

A system connected to multiple physical TCP/IP networks that can route or deliver IP packets between the networks.

IPP

See definition for Internet Printing Protocol (IPP).

IPSec

See definition for Internet Protocol security (IPSec).

IPSec driver

A driver that uses the IP Filter List from the active IPSec policy to watch for outbound IP packets that must be secured and inbound IP packets that need to be verified and decrypted. See also IPSec.

IPX

See definition for Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX).

IPX/SPX

See definition for Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX).

IrDA

See definition for Infrared Data Association (IrDA).

IRP

See definition for I/O request packet (IRP).

IRQ

See definition for interrupt request (IRQ).

IrTran-p

A protocol that transfers images from cameras to computers by using infrared transmissions, making a physical cable connection unnecessary. See also infrared (IR).

isochronous

Time dependent. Refers to processes where data must be delivered within certain time constraints. Multimedia streams require an isochronous transport mechanism to ensure that data is delivered as fast as it is displayed, and to ensure that the audio is synchronized with the video.




Microsoft Windows XP Professional Resource Kit 2003
Microsoft Windows XP Professional Resource Kit 2003
ISBN: N/A
EAN: N/A
Year: 2005
Pages: 338
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