Chapter 20. Descriptors, Decorators,and Metaclasses

Introduction

Recipe 20.1.  Getting Fresh Default Values at Each Function Call

Recipe 20.2.  Coding Properties as Nested Functions

Recipe 20.3.  Aliasing Attribute Values

Recipe 20.4.  Caching Attribute Values

Recipe 20.5.  Using One Method as Accessorfor Multiple Attributes

Recipe 20.6.  Adding Functionality to a Class by Wrapping a Method

Recipe 20.7.  Adding Functionality to a Class by Enriching All Methods

Recipe 20.8.  Adding a Method to a Class Instance at Runtime

Recipe 20.9.  Checking Whether Interfaces Are Implemented

Recipe 20.10.  Using _ _new_ _ and _ _init_ _ Appropriately in Custom Metaclasses

Recipe 20.11.  Allowing Chaining of Mutating List Methods

Recipe 20.12.  Using Cooperative Super calls with Terser Syntax

Recipe 20.13.  Initializing Instance Attributes Without Using _ _init_ _

Recipe 20.14.  Automatic Initialization of Instance Attributes

Recipe 20.15.  Upgrading Class Instances Automatically on reload

Recipe 20.16.  Binding Constants at Compile Time

Recipe 20.17.  Solving Metaclass Conflicts