As mentioned at the beginning of the chapter, most bottlenecks occur at the content-generation and database access layers. There are a certain number of modules that can help. For example, FastCGI and mod_perl can be used to speed up CGI script execution, as explained in "Improving CGI Script Performance" in Chapter 4, and a number of encoders and optimizers exist for PHP, the most popular web development language that runs on Apache, as explained in Chapter 12. |