References

---

Alarcon, R., & Fuller, D. (2002). Intelligent awareness in support of collaborative virtual work groups. Paper presented at the CRIWG2002.

Antunes, P., & Ho, T. (1999). Facilitation tool—A tool to assist facilitators managing group decision support systems. In Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems (WITS ’99). Charlotte, North Carolina.

Ayala, G., & Yano, Y. (1996). Intelligent agents to support the effective collaboration in a CSCL environment. Paper presented at the Ed- Telecom’96, Charlotteville, VA.

Baggetun, R., Dolonen, J., & Dragsnes, S. (2001). Designing pedagogical agent for collaborative telelearning scenarios. Paper presented at the 24th IRIS, Ulvik, Norway.

Barros, B., & Verdejo, M. F. (1999). An approach to analyse collaboration when shared structured workspace are used for carrying out group learning processes. Paper presented at the AIED’99, Lemans, France.

Barros, B., & Verdejo, M. F. (2000). Analysing student interaction processes in order to improve collaboration. The DEGREE approach. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 11, 221–241.

Beyer, B. K. (1985). Critical thinking: What is it? Social Education, (49), 270–276.

Boekaerts, M. (1999). Self-regulated learning: Where are we today. International Journal of Educational Research, (31), 445–457.

Booth, P. (1995). An introduction to human–computer interaction. Mahweh, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bourdeau, J., & Wasson, B. (1997). Orchestrating collaboration in collaborative telelearning. Paper presented at the Eighth Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Kobe, Japan.

Buzan, T. (2000). The Mind Map Book (Millennium Edition ed.). BBC Consumer Publishing.

Cao, Y., & Greer, J. (2003). Supporting awareness to facilitate collaborative learning in an online learning environment. Paper presented at the CSCL2003, Bergen, Norway.

Carstensen, P., & S rensen, C. (1996). From the social to the systematic? An analysis of mechanisms supporting coordination work in design. CSCW Journal, 5(4), 384–413.

Cassell, J. (2000). Embodied conversational interface agents. Communications of the ACM, 43(4).

Chan, T. W. (1996). Learning companion systems, social learning systems, and intelligent virtual classroom. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 7(2), 125–159.

Chen, W., & Wasson, B. (2002). An instructional assistant agent for distributed collaborative learning. Paper presented at the Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Biarritz, France.

Chen, W., & Wasson, B. (2003). Coordinating collaborative knowledge building. International Journal of Computer and Applications, 25(1), 1–10.

Chilberg, J. C. (1989). A review of group process designs for facilitating communication in problem-solving groups. Management Communication Quarterly, 3(1), 51–71.

Clark, P., & Niblett, T. (1989). The CN2 induction algorithm. Machine Learning Journal, 3(4), 261–283.

Constantino-Gonzalez, M., & Suthers, D. (2001). Coaching collaboration by comparing solutions and tracking participation. Paper presented at the ECSCL’2001, Maastriicht, The Netherlands.

Dembo, M. H., & McAuliffe, T. J. (1987). Effects of perceived ability and grade status on social interaction and influence in cooperative groups. Journal of Educational Psychology, (79), 415–423.

Dillenbourg, P. (1999). What do you mean by collaborative learning? In P.

Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches (pp. 1–19). Oxford; Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.

Dillenbourg, P., Traum, D., Jermann, P., Schneider, D., & Buiu, C. (1997). The design of MOO agents: Implications from an empirical CSCW study. Paper presented at the AIED’97, Kobe, Japan.

Divitini, M., Simone, C., & Schmidt, K. (1996). ABACO: Coordination mechanisms in a multi-agent perspective. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on the Design of Cooperative Systems, Antibes-Juan-les-Pins, France.

Dourish, P., & Bellotti, V. (1992). Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces. Paper presented at the ACM Conf. CSCW, Toronto, Canada.

Dragsnes, S., Chen, W., & Baggetun, R. (2002). A design approach for agents in distributed work and learning environments. Paper presented at the ICCE2002, Auckland, New Zealand.

Franklin, S., & Graesser, A. (1997). Is it an agent, or just a program? A taxonomy for autonomous agents. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages.

Geisler, C. (1994). Academic literacy and the nature of expertise: Reading, writing and knowing in academic philosophy. Mahweh, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gutwin, C., & Greenberg, S. (1998). Effects of awareness support on groupware usability. Paper presented at the ACM CHI Conf. Human Factors in Computing Systems.

Gutwin, C., Greenberg, S., & Roseman, M. (1996). A usability study of awareness widgets in a shared workspace groupware. Paper presented at the ACM CSCW’96.

Gutwin, C., Stark, G., & Greenberg, S. (1995, October 17–20). Support for workspace awareness in educational groupware. Paper presented at the CSCL95, Bloomington, Indiana.

Hirokawa, R. Y., & Gouran, D. (1989). Facilitation of group communication: A critique of prior research and an agenda for future research. Management Communication Quarterly, 3(1), 71–92.

Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2002). Collaborative ways of knowing: Issues in facilitation. Paper presented at the CSCL2002.

Jay, A. (1976). How to run meeting. Harvard Business Review, 43–57.

Johnson, W. L., & Rickel, J. (1997). Steve: An animated pedagogical agent for procedural training in virtual environments. SIGART Bulletin, 8(1–4), 16–21.

Johnson, W. L., Rickel, J. W., & Lester, J. C. (2000). Animated pedagogical agents: Face-to-face interaction in interactive learning environments. International Journal of AI in Education, (11), 47–78.

Kerr, N. L. (1983). Motivation losses in small groups: A social dilemma analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (45), 819– 828.

Kerr, N. L., & Bruun, S. E. (1983). Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free rider effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (44), 78–94.

Lester, J., Stone, B., & Stelling, G. (1999). Lifelike pedagogical agents for mixed-initiative problem solving in constructivist learning environments. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 9(1–2), 1–44.

Maes, P. (1997). Agents that reduce work and information overload. In J. M. Bradshaw (Ed.), Software agents (pp. 145–164). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Malone, T., & Crowston, K. (1994). The interdisciplinary study of coordination. ACM Computing Surveys, 26(3), 87–119.

Malone, T., Grant, K., & Lai, K.-W. (1997). Agents for information sharing and coordination: A history and some reflections. In J. M. Bradshaw (Ed.), Software agents (pp. 109–143). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.

Mildrad, M., Wasson, B., & Sagula, J. (1999). Using intelligent agents as tool to support collaboration in distributed learning environments. Paper presented at the ICCE’99, Chiba, Japan.

Mulenbruck, M., & Hoppe, U. (1999). Computer supported interaction analysis for group problem solving. Paper presented at the CSCL’99, Palo Alto, CA.

Muukkonen, H., Hakkarainen, K., & Lakkala, M. (1999). Collaborative technology for facilitating progressive inquiry: Future learning environment tools. Paper presented at the CSCL’99, Palo Alto, CA.

Nwana, H. S. (1996). Software agents: An overview. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 11(3), 1–40.

Okamoto, T., Inaba, A., & Hasaba, Y. (1995). The intelligent learning support system on the distributed cooperative environment. Paper presented at the Seventh World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, Washington, DC.

Omdahl, K. (2002). Designing pedagogical agents for collaborative learning: An empirical study. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Bergen, Bergen.

Pollard, C., & Vogel, D. (1991). Group support system product comparisons. In Proceedings of Hawaiian International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 771–778).

Ritter, S., & Koedinger, K. (1996). An architecture for plug-in tutor agents. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 7(3/4), 315–347.

Roseman, M., & Greenberg, S. (1996). Teamrooms: Network places for collaboration. Paper presented at the ACM CSCW’96 Places for Collaboration.

Salomon, G. (1992). What does the design of effective CSCL require and how do we study its effects? SIGCUE Outlook, special issue on CSCL, (3), 62–68.

Salomon, G., & Globerson, T. (1987). When teams do not function the way they ought to. International Journal of Educational Research, (13), 89–100.

Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1993). Technologies for knowledge-building discourse. Communication of the ACM, (36), 37–41.

Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1996). Computer support for knowledge- building communities. In CSCL: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm (pp. 249–268).

Shelli, D., & Hayne, S. (1992). Distributed facilitation: A concept whose time has come? In Proceedings of ACM CSCW’92 (pp. 314–321). Toronto, Canada.

Shoham, Y. (1993). Agent-oriented programming. Artificial Intelligence, (60), 51–92.

Soller, A. L. (2001). Supporting social interaction in an intelligent collaborative learning system. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 12(1), 40–62.

Tam, J., McCaffrey, L., Maurer, F., & Greenberg, S. (2000). Change awareness in software engineering using two dimensional graphical design and development tools. (Report No. 2000-670-22). Alberta, Canada: Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary.

Wasson, B. (1998). Identifying coordination agents for collaborative telelearning. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, (9), 275–299.

Wenger, E. (1987). Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems. New York: Morgan Kaufmann.

Wooldridge, M. J., & Jennings, N. R. (1998). Agent theories, architecture, and languages: A survey. In N. R. Jennings (Ed.), Intelligent agents (pp. 1–39). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

---