Appendix B. HTML Character Entities | Dynamic HTML: The Definitive Reference

To display symbols and characters beyond the collection of common ASCII alphanumeric values (0127), browsers recognize a special coding that lets you insert such characters into HTML document content. These entity characters start with an ampersand symbol (&) and end with a semicolon (;). Between those symbols goes a representation of the desired character in your choice of letters or numbers. For example, the numeric entity value for a copyright symbol is 169. An HTML statement using that symbol looks as follows:

 <p style="text-align: center">&#169;2002 MegaCorp, Inc. All Rights Reserved.</p>

Because the numbering system is not easy to remember, entities also have case-sensitive word or abbreviation equivalents for their values. For the copyright symbol, for example, the entity is ©. This makes the code more readable, as in the following:

 <p style="text-align: center">&copy;2002 MegaCorp, Inc. All Rights Reserved.</p>

This table lists every entity defined in the HTML 4 specification in alphabetical order. Recent browsers support the vast majority of these characters, but the user's operating system version and its internal character set also influence whether a visitor's browser will render any particular character.

Alpha entity	Numeric entity	Character	Description
`Á`	`Á`	Á	Capital letter A with acute
`á`	`á`	á	Small letter a with acute
`Â`	`Â`	Â	Capital letter A with circumflex
`â`	`â`	â	Small letter a with circumflex
`´`	`´`	´	Acute accent
`Æ`	`Æ`	Æ	Capital ligature AE
`æ`	`æ`	æ	Small ligature ae
`À`	`À`	À	Capital letter A with grave
`à`	`à`	à	Small letter a with grave
`&alefsym;`	`ℵ`		Alef symbol
`Α`	`Α`	Α	Capital letter alpha
`α`	`α`	α	Small letter alpha
`&`	`&`	&	Ampersand
`&and;`	`∧`		Logical and
`&ang;`	`∠`		Angle
`Å`	`Å`	Å	Capital letter A with ring above
`å`	`å`	å	Small letter a with ring above
`≈`	`≈`		Almost equal to
`Ã`	`Ã`	Ã	Capital letter A with tilde
`ã`	`ã`	ã	Small letter a with tilde
`Ä`	`Ä`	Ä	Capital letter A with diaeresis
`ä`	`ä`	ä	Small letter a with diaeresis
`&bdquo;`	`„`	"	Double low-9 quotation mark
`Β`	`Β`	Β	Capital letter beta
`β`	`β`	β	Small letter beta
`¦`	`¦`		Broken vertical bar
`•`	`•`	•	Bullet
`∩`	`∩`		Intersection
`Ç`	`Ç`	Ç	Capital letter C with cedilla
`ç`	`ç`	ç	Small letter c with cedilla
`¸`	`¸`	¸	Cedilla
`¢`	`¢`	¢	Cent sign
`Χ`	`Χ`	Χ	Capital letter chi
`χ`	`χ`	χ	Small letter chi
`&circ;`	`ˆ`	^	Modifier letter circumflex accent
`&clubs;`	`♣`		Black club suit (shamrock)
`&cong;`	`≅`		Approximately equal to
`©`	`©`	©	Copyright sign
`&crarr;`	`↵`	↵	Downwards arrow with corner leftwards (carriage return)
`∪`	`∪`		Union
`¤`	`¤`	¤	Currency sign
`&dagger;`	`†`		Dagger
`&Dagger;`	`‡`		Double dagger
`↓`	`↓`		Downwards arrow
`&dArr;`	`⇓`		Downwards double arrow
`°`	`°`	°	Degree sign
`Δ`	`Δ`	Δ	Capital letter delta
`δ`	`δ`	δ	Small letter delta
`&diams;`	`♦`		Black diamond suit
`÷`	`÷`	÷	Division sign
`É`	`É`	É	Capital letter E with acute
`é`	`é`	é	Small letter e with acute
`Ê`	`Ê`	Ê	Capital letter E with circumflex
`ê`	`ê`	ê	Small letter e with circumflex
`È`	`È`	È	Capital letter E with grave
`è`	`è`	è	Small letter e with grave
`∅`	`∅`		Empty set/null set/diameter
`&emsp;`	` `		Em space
`&ensp;`	` `	-	En space
`Ε`	`Ε`		Capital letter epsilon
`ε`	`ε`		Small letter epsilon
`&equiv;`	`≡`		Identical to
`Η`	`Η`	Ἠ	Capital letter eta
`η`	`η`	η	Small letter eta
`Ð`	`Ð`		Capital letter ETH
`ð`	`ð`		Small letter eth
`Ë`	`Ë`	Ë	Capital letter E with diaeresis
`ë`	`ë`	ë	Small letter e with diaeresis
`€`	``	€	Euro sign
`∃`	`∃`		There exists
`&fnof;`	`ƒ`		Small f with hook
`∀`	`∀`		For all
`½`	`½`	½	Fraction one-half
`¼`	`¼`	¼	Fraction one-quarter
`¾`	`¾`	¾	Fraction three-quarters
`&frasl;`	`⁄`	⁄	Fraction slash
`Γ`	`Γ`	Γ	Capital letter gamma
`γ`	`γ`	γ	Small letter gamma
`≥`	`≥`		Greater-than or equal to
`>`	`>`	>	Greater-than sign
`↔`	`↔`		Left right arrow
`⇔`	`⇔`		Left right double arrow
`&hearts;`	`♥`		Black heart suit
`…`	`…`	...	Horizontal ellipsis
`Í`	`Í`	Í	Capital letter I with acute
`í`	`í`	í	Small letter i with acute
`Î`	`Î`	Î	Capital letter I with circumflex
`î`	`î`	î	Small letter i with circumflex
`¡`	`¡`	¡	Inverted exclamation mark
`Ì`	`Ì`	Ì	Capital letter I with grave
`ì`	`ì`	ì	Small letter i with grave
`&image;`	`ℑ`		Blackletter capital I
`∞`	`∞`		Infinity
`∫`	`∫`		Integral
`Ι`	`Ι`	Ɩ	Capital letter iota
`ι`	`ι`	ι	Small letter iota
`¿`	`¿`	¿	Inverted question mark
`∈`	`∈`		Element of
`Ï`	`Ï`	Ï	Capital letter I with diaeresis
`ï`	`ï`	ï	Small letter i with diaeresis
`Κ`	`Κ`	Κ	Capital letter kappa
`κ`	`κ`	κ	Small letter kappa
`Λ`	`Λ`	Λ	Capital letter lambda
`λ`	`λ`	λ	Small letter lambda
`&lang;`	`〈`		Left-pointing angle bracket (bra)
`«`	`«`	«	Left-pointing double angle quotation mark (guillemet)
`←`	`←`		Leftwards arrow
`⇐`	`⇐`		Leftwards double arrow
`&lceil;`	`⌈`		Left ceiling
`“`	`“`	"	Left double quotation mark
`≤`	`≤`		Less-than or equal to
`&lfloor;`	`⌊`		Left floor
`&lowast;`	`∗`	*	Asterisk operator
`&loz;`	`◊`		Lozenge
`&lrm;`	`‎`		Left-to-right mark
`&lsaquo;`	`‹`	<	Single left-pointing angle quotation mark
`‘`	`‘`	'	Left single quotation mark
`<`	`<`	<	Less-than sign
`¯`	`¯`	ӣ	Macron (overline)
`—`	`—`		Em dash
`µ`	`µ`	µ	Micro sign
`·`	`·`	·	Georgian comma
`−`	`−`	-	Minus sign
`Μ`	`Μ`	Μ	Capital letter mu
`μ`	`μ`	μ	Small letter mu
`∇`	`∇`		Nabla
` `	` `		Nonbreaking space
`–`	`–`		En dash
`≠`	`≠`		Not equal to
`&ni;`	`∋`		Contains as member
`¬`	`¬`	¬	Not sign (discretionary hyphen)
`∉`	`∉`		Not an element of
`&nsub;`	`⊄`		Not a subset of
`Ñ`	`Ñ`	Ñ	Capital letter N with tilde
`ñ`	`ñ`	ñ	Small letter n with tilde
`Ν`	`Ν`	Ν	Capital letter nu
`ν`	`ν`	ν	Small letter nu
`Ó`	`Ó`	Ó	Capital letter O with acute
`ó`	`ó`	ó	Small letter o with acute
`Ô`	`Ô`	Ô	Capital letter O with circumflex
`ô`	`ô`	ô	Small letter o with circumflex
`&OElig;`	`Œ`	Œ	Capital ligature OE
`&oelig;`	`œ`	œ	Small ligature oe
`Ò`	`Ò`	Ò	Capital letter O with grave
`ò`	`ò`	ò	Small letter o with grave
`&oline;`	`‾`	‾	Overline
`Ω`	`Ω`	Ω	Capital letter omega
`ω`	`ω`	ω	Small letter omega
`Ο`	`Ο`		Capital letter omicron
`ο`	`ο`	ο	Small letter omicron
`&oplus;`	`⊕`		Circled plus
`&or;`	`∨`		Logical or
`ª`	`ª`	ª	Feminine ordinal indicator
`º`	`º`	º	Masculine ordinal indicator
`Ø`	`Ø`	Ø	Capital letter O with stroke
`ø`	`ø`		Small letter o with stroke
`Õ`	`Õ`	Õ	Capital letter O with tilde
`õ`	`õ`	õ	Small letter o with tilde
`&otimes;`	`⊗`		Circled times
`Ö`	`Ö`	Ö	Capital letter O with diaeresis
`ö`	`ö`	ö	Small letter o with diaeresis
`¶`	`¶`	¶	Paragraph (pilcrow) sign
`∂`	`∂`		Partial differential
`&permil;`	`‰`		Per mille sign
`&perp;`	`⊥`		Up tack/orthagonal to/perpendicular
`Φ`	`Φ`	Φ	Capital letter phi
`Φ`	`φ`	Φ	Small letter phi
`Π`	`Π`	Π	Capital letter pi
`π`	`π`	π	Small letter pi
`ϖ`	`ϖ`	ϖ	symbol
`±`	`±`	±	Plus-or-minus sign
`£`	`£`	£	Pound sign
`′`	`′`	'	Prime/minutes/feet
`″`	`″`	"	Double prime/seconds/inches
`∏`	`∏`		N-ary product (product sign)
`&prop;`	`∝`		Proportional to
`Ψ`	`Ψ`	Ψ	Capital letter psi
`ψ`	`ψ`	ψ	Small letter psi
`"`	`"`	"	Quotation mark
`√`	`√`		Square root
`&rang;`	`〉`		Right-pointing angle bracket (ket)
`»`	`»`	»	Right-pointing double angle quotation mark (guillemet)
`→`	`→`		Rightwards arrow
`⇒`	`⇒`		Rightwards double arrow
`&rceil;`	`⌉`		Right ceiling
`”`	`”`	"	Right double quotation mark
`&real;`	`ℜ`		Blackletter capital R
`®`	`®`	®	Registered trademark sign
`&rfloor;`	`⌋`		Right floor
`Ρ`	`Ρ`	Ρ	Capital letter rho
`ρ`	`ρ`	ρ	Small letter rho
`&rlm;`	`‏`		Right-to-left mark
`&rsaquo;`	`›`	›	Single right-pointing angle quotation mark
`’`	`’`	'	Right single quotation mark
`&sbquo;`	`‚`	_'	Single low-9 quotation mark
`&Scaron;`	`Š`		Capital letter S with caron
`&scaron;`	`š`		Small letter s with caron
`⋅`	`⋅`		Dot operator
`§`	`§`	§	Section sign
``	``		Soft hyphen (discretionary hyphen)
`Σ`	`Σ`	Σ	Capital letter sigma
`σ`	`σ`	σ	Small letter sigma
`&sigmaf;`	`ς`		Small letter final sigma
`&sim;`	`∼`	~	Tilde operator
`&spades;`	`♠`		Black spade suit
`⊂`	`⊂`		Subset of
`&sube;`	`⊆`		Subset of or equal to
`∑`	`∑`		N-ary sumation
`⊃`	`⊃`		Superset of
`¹`	`¹`	¹	Superscript digit one
`²`	`²`	²	Superscript digit two (squared)
`³`	`³`	³	Superscript digit three (cubed)
`&supe;`	`⊇`		Superset of or equal to
`ß`	`ß`	ß	Small letter sharp s (ess-zed)
`Τ`	`Τ`	Τ	Capital letter tau
`τ`	`τ`	τ	Small letter tau
`&there4;`	`∴`		Therefore
`Θ`	`Θ`	Θ	Capital letter theta
`Θ`	`θ`	Θ	Small letter theta
`&thetasym;`	`ϑ`	ϑ	Small letter theta symbol
` `	` `		Thin space
`Þ`	`Þ`		Capital letter thorn
`þ`	`þ`		Small letter thorn
`&tilde;`	`˜`	~	Small tilde
`×`	`×`	x	Multiplication sign
`™`	`™`	™	Trademark sign
`Ú`	`Ú`	Ú	Capital letter U with acute
`ú`	`ú`	ú	Small letter u with acute
`↑`	`↑`		Upwards arrow
`&uArr;`	`⇑`		Upwards double arrow
`Û`	`Û`	û	Capital letter U with circumflex
`û`	`û`	Û	Small letter u with circumflex
`Ù`	`Ù`	Ù	Capital letter U with grave
`ù`	`ù`	ù	Small letter u with grave
`¨`	`¨`	¨	Diaeresis
`&upsih;`	`ϒ`		Upsilon with hook symbol
`Υ`	`Υ`	Ὑ	Capital letter upsilon
`υ`	`υ`	ὺ	Small letter upsilon
`Ü`	`Ü`	Ü	Capital letter U with diaeresis
`ü`	`ü`	ü	Small letter u with diaeresis
`&weierp;`	`℘`		Script capital P
`Ξ`	`Ξ`	Ξ	Capital letter xi
`ξ`	`ξ`	ξ	Small letter xi
`Ý`	`Ý`	Ý	Capital letter Y with acute
`ý`	`ý`		Small letter y with acute
`¥`	`¥`	¥	Yen/yuan sign
`&Yuml;`	`Ÿ`		Capital letter Y with diaeresis
`ÿ`	`ÿ`	ÿ	Small letter y with diaeresis
`Ζ`	`Ζ`	Ζ	Capital letter zeta
`ζ`	`ζ`	ζ	Small letter zeta
`&zwj;`	`‍`		Zero width joiner
`&zwnj;`	`‌`		Zero width nonjoiner