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Copyright

2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. ”

Printed in the United States of America.

901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California

94303 U.S.A.

All rights reserved. This product and related documentation are protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any.

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in DFARS 252.227-7013 (c)(1)(ii) and FAR 52.227-19.

The products described may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or pending applications.

TRADEMARKS ”HotJava, Java, Java Development Kit, Solaris, SPARC, SunOS, and Sunsoft are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. All other products or services mentioned in this book are the trademarks or service marks of their respective companies or organizations.

The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities . For more information, contact Corporate Sales Department, Prentice Hall PTR, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Phone: 800-382-3419; FAX: 201-236-7141. E-mail: corpsales@prenhall.com .

Editorial/production supervision: Patti Guerrieri

Cover design director: Jerry Votta

Art director: Gail Cocker-Bogusz

Series interior design: Meg Van Arsdale

Manufacturing manager: Alexis R. Heydt-Long

Marketing manager: Debby vanDijk

Executive editor: Gregory G. Doench

Associate editor: Eileen Clark

Editorial assistant: Brandt Kenna

Sun Microsystems Press publisher: Michael Llwyd Alread

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Sun Microsystems Press

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About Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference

With origins reaching back to the industry's first computer science publishing program in the 1960s, Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference (PH PTR) has developed into the leading provider of technical books in the world today. Formally launched as its own imprint in 1986, our editors now publish over 200 books annually, authored by leaders in the fields of computing, engineering, and business.

Our roots are firmly planted in the soil that gave rise to the technological revolution. Our bookshelf contains many of the industry's computing and engineering classics: Kernighan and Ritchie's C Programming Language , Nemeth's UNIX System Administration Handbook , Horstmann's Core Java , and Johnson's High-Speed Digital Design .

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Preface

Until recently, JavaServer Pages (JSP) has, for the most part, been accessible only to Java developers. That's because JSP did not provide a standard set of tags for common functionality or a scripting language for page authors. The lack of those essential features meant that JSP developers had to embed Java code in JSP pages or implement custom tags that encapsulated that Java code. Either way, they had to be well versed in the Java programming language to effectively use JSP.

To implement maintainable and extensible Web applications, developers must decouple business and presentation logic. Without an expression language or standard tag library, JSP pages often contained a great deal of Java code, which allowed easy access to business logic. That Java code and the inevitable related business logic tightly coupled JSP pages with the underlying data model, which resulted in brittle systems that were difficult to modify or extend.

The JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) provides a scripting language and set of standard tags that make JSP accessible to page authors and make it much easier to separate business and presentation logic. Those benefits allow page authors to focus on a Web application's presentation, while Java developers implement business logic, which in turn makes those applications much easier to implement, maintain, and extend. Because JSTL has such a profound effect on the development of Java-based Web applications as a whole, it is one of the most important new developments for server-side Java.