N-P

named pipe
A pipe between unrelated processes; a synonym for FIFO.
network byte order
A standard byte order for numbers of at least 2 bytes to be transferred across a network; the big endian byte order is used as the network byte order.
new or new[]
A C++ operator providing an interface to the process memory manager, in some ways similar to malloc() but in many other ways quite different; used to allocate dynamic arrays. In particular, it can be overloaded to provide a custom-made or debugging version, and errors can be handled through exceptions.
NULL
A special C constant, defined in stdio.h as '\0' (or , or (void*) ), that can be used as the null value for pointers.
null pointer
A pointer with value 0 or an address of 0 that is interpreted as "no address".
object
A complex data structure together with methods (functions) that can manipulate the data contained in the object.
object code
The contents of an object file; in essence, a program translated to machine instructions including the binary code for data.
object file
A synonym for object module.
object module
A binary file containing essentially the binary code for machine instructions and the data of a program.
one-dimensional array
A synonym for static one-dimensional array.
operating system memory manager
The top-level memory manager that allocates large blocks of memory to individual process memory managers (it also serves other purposes for the operating system).
operator[]
An indexing operator that can be overloaded (redefined) for any class defined in C++.
operator=
Predefined C++ operator known as assignment ; by default, it uses memberwise copy.
orphaned allocation
A problem that arises when the address of an allocated segment is not preserved for later deallocation.
overflow
Generally , when a binary code to be stored at some location is longer than the memory space reserved for it; in a narrower interpretation, a result of an arithmetic operation that is too big for the size of the result's data type.
overloading
Using the same name for operations on different data types.
padding
"Junk" space attached to some items in a structure in order to facilitate easy memory access based on machine-word boundaries.
parameter(of a function)
A synonym for function argument.
parent process
A process that creates another process - it is the parent of the newly created process.
passing by address
A synonym for passing by reference .
passing by location
A synonym for passing by reference .
passing by reference
A method in which - instead of values of the arguments - their references (in C/C++, a pointer) are passed.
passing by value
A method in which the values (copies) of arguments are passed to the function.
physical address
The address of a byte in the physical memory.
pipe
A memory-implemented special file for data exchange between related processes.
placement syntax
A special syntax for memory operators that enables the use of additional arguments.
placement- delete
A user -defined " counterpart " to placement- new ; used for overloading of delete or delete[] .
placement- new
An overload of new or new[] ; most often used to build objects in memory obtained by other means (and hence without allocation).
pointer
A value or a variable with two attributes: (i) an address and (ii) a data type of what should be found at that address.
pointer arithmetic
A way of moving pointers left or right in discrete " jumps " according to their data types.
pointer dereferencing
Referencing the "virtual object" to which a pointer points (

See also indirection operator *.

polymorphism
A synonym for overloading.
pop
An operation on stack : the item on the top is removed.
preprocessing directives
A command in C or C++ that is not a part of the program to be compiled; destined for the preprocessor of the compiler, its goal is to modify the source code before it is actually compiled. Most preprocessing directives start with # .
preprocessor
Part of the compiler that scans the source file prior to compilation and modifies it according to preprocessing directives embedded in the program; in essence, it works as a sophisticated text replacement facility.
private
A designation of class members that are not generally accessible and whose properties are noninheritable.
procedure
A term reserved for a module that does not return a value; in C/C++, it is assumed that every module returns a value (even if it does not) and thus the term function is always used.
process
A program in execution.
process image
Image of the address space of the program running as the process.
process memory manager
A program that: keeps track of dynamically allocated and deallocated memory in terms of the process with which it is associated; serves the allocation and deallocation requests of this process; and (if it runs out of memory to allocate) requests a large block of free memory from the operating system memory manager.
process system stack
A dynamic stack, unique to the running process, that is used for saving the context of a function (procedure) when calling another function (procedure) and for returning a value by the called function.
program memory manager
A synonym for process memory manager.
program system stack
A synonym for process system stack.
protected
A designation of class members that are not generally accessible but whose properties are inheritable.
pthread_create()
A POSIX system call to initiate a new thread.
pthread_exit()
A POSIX system call to terminate the running thread.
pthread_join()
A POSIX system call to wait for a thread.
pthread_self()
A POSIX system call to obtain the thread ID.
public
A designation of class members that are generally accessible.
push
An operation on stack : a new item is placed on the top.
putenv()
A UNIX system call to define a new environment variable or to change its value.


Memory as a Programming Concept in C and C++
Memory as a Programming Concept in C and C++
ISBN: 0521520436
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 64

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