13.5 Advanced Printing with Java 1.4

The Java 1.4 Printing API is substantially more complex than the Java 1.1 and Java 1.2 APIs. It is a command-line utility that can:

• List available printers capable of handling specific printing requests (color printing, collation, stapling, etc.)

• Query the status of a particular named printer

• Spool text or image files directly to a printer

• Convert GIF, JPEG, and PNG image files to PostScript files

Example 13-5 demonstrates some of these advanced features. The example does not create a GUI, and, unlike the other examples in this chapter, it prints without using a Graphics object. The code is well-commented and straightforward; the example is long only because it demonstrates several different features of the Java 1.4 API.

Example 13-5. Print.java

package je3.print; import javax.print.*; import javax.print.event.*; import javax.print.attribute.*; import javax.print.attribute.standard.*; import java.io.*; /**  * This utility program demonstrates the javax.print API and allows you to   * list available printers, query a named printer, print text and image files  * to a printer, and print to PostScript files.  *   * Usage:  * java Print -i inputfile [-q] [-p printer] [-ps outputfile] [attributes]  **/ public class Print {     public static void main(String[  ] args) throws IOException {         // These are values we'll set from the command-line arguments         boolean query = false;         String printerName = null;         String inputFileName = null;         String outputFileName = null;         String outputFileType = null;         PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes =             new HashPrintRequestAttributeSet( );         // Loop through the arguments         for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {             if (args[i].equals("-q")) query = true; // Is this a query?             else if (args[i].equals("-p"))          // Specific printer name                 printerName = args[++i];             else if (args[i].equals("-i"))          // The file to print                 inputFileName = args[++i];             else if (args[i].equals("-ps")) {       // Print it to this file                 // Sun's Java 1.4 implementation only supports PostScript                 // output.  Other implementations might offer PDF, for example.                 outputFileName = args[++i];                 outputFileType = "application/postscript";             }             // The rest of the arguments represent common printing attributes             else if (args[i].equals("-color"))      // Request a color printer                 attributes.add(Chromaticity.COLOR);             else if (args[i].equals("-landscape"))  // Request landscape mode                 attributes.add(OrientationRequested.LANDSCAPE);             else if (args[i].equals("-letter"))     // US Letter-size paper                 attributes.add(MediaSizeName.NA_LETTER);             else if (args[i].equals("-a4"))         // European A4 paper                 attributes.add(MediaSizeName.ISO_A4);              else if (args[i].equals("-staple"))     // Request stapling                 attributes.add(Finishings.STAPLE);               else if (args[i].equals("-collate"))    // Collate multiple copies                 attributes.add(SheetCollate.COLLATED);             else if (args[i].equals("-duplex"))     // Request 2-sided                 attributes.add(Sides.DUPLEX);             else if (args[i].equals("-2"))          // 2 pages to a sheet                  attributes.add(new NumberUp(2));             else if (args[i].equals("-copies"))     // how many copies                 attributes.add(new Copies(Integer.parseInt(args[++i])));             else {                 System.out.println("Unknown argument: " + args[i]);                 System.exit(1);             }         }         if (query) {             // If the -q argument was specified, but no printer was named,             // then list all available printers that can support the attributes             if (printerName == null) queryServices(attributes);             // Otherwise, look for a named printer that can support the             // attributes and print its status             else queryPrinter(printerName, attributes);         }         else if (outputFileName != null)             // If this is not a query and we have a filename, print to a file             printToFile(outputFileName, outputFileType,                         inputFileName, attributes);         else              // Otherwise, print to the named printer, or to the default              // printer otherwise.             print(printerName, inputFileName, attributes);         // The main( ) method ends here, but there may be a printing thread         // operating in the background.  So the program may not terminate         // until printing completes.       }     // List names of all PrintServices that can support the attributes     public static void queryServices(PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes) {         // Find all services that can support the specified attributes         PrintService[  ] services =             PrintServiceLookup.lookupPrintServices(null, attributes);         // Loop through available services         for(int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {             // Print service name             System.out.print(services[i].getName( ));             // Then query and print the document types it can print             DocFlavor[  ] flavors = services[i].getSupportedDocFlavors( );             for(int j = 0; j < flavors.length; j++) {                 // Filter out DocFlavors that have a representation class other                 // than java.io.InputStream.                   String repclass = flavors[j].getRepresentationClassName( );                 if (!repclass.equals("java.io.InputStream"))continue;                 System.out.println("\t" + flavors[j].getMimeType( ));             }         }     }     // List details about the named printer     public static void queryPrinter(String printerName,                                     PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes)     {         // Find the named printer         PrintService service = getNamedPrinter(printerName, attributes);         if (service == null) {             System.out.println(printerName + ": no such printer capable of " +                                "handling the specified attributes");             return;         }         // Print status and other information about the printer         System.out.println(printerName + " status:");         Attribute[  ] attrs = service.getAttributes( ).toArray( );         for(int i = 0; i < attrs.length; i++)              System.out.println("\t" + attrs[i].getName( ) + ": " + attrs[i]);     }     // Print the contents of the named file to the named printer (or to a      // default printer if printerName is null) requesting the specified      // attributes.     public static void print(String printerName, String filename,                              PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes)         throws IOException     {         // Look for a printer that can support the attributes         PrintService service = getNamedPrinter(printerName, attributes);         if (service == null) {             System.out.println("Can't find a printer " +                                "with specified attributes");             return;         }         // Print the file to that printer.  See method definition below         printToService(service, filename, attributes);         // Let the user know where to pick up their printout         System.out.println("Printed " + filename + " to " + service.getName( ));     }     // Print to an output file instead of a printer     public static void printToFile(String outputFileName,                                    String outputFileType,                                    String inputFileName,                                     PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes)         throws IOException     {         // Determine whether the system can print to the specified type, and         // get a factory object if so.         // The name of this static method is way too long!         StreamPrintServiceFactory[  ] factories = StreamPrintServiceFactory.             lookupStreamPrintServiceFactories(null, outputFileType);         // Error message if we can't print to the specified output type         if (factories.length == 0) {             System.out.println("Unable to print files of type: " +                                outputFileType);             return;         }                  // Open the output file         FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outputFileName);         // Get a PrintService object to print to that file         StreamPrintService service = factories[0].getPrintService(out);         // Print using the method below         printToService(service, inputFileName, attributes);         // And remember to close the output file         out.close( );     }     // Print the contents of the named file to the specified PrintService,     // requesting the specified attributes.     // This is shared code used by print( ) and printToFile( ) above.     public static void printToService(PrintService service, String filename,                                        PrintRequestAttributeSet attributes)         throws IOException     {         // Figure out what type of file we're printing         DocFlavor flavor = getFlavorFromFilename(filename);         // Open the file         InputStream in = new FileInputStream(filename);         // Create a Doc object to print from the file and flavor.         Doc doc = new SimpleDoc(in, flavor, null);         // Create a print job from the service         DocPrintJob job = service.createPrintJob( );         // Monitor the print job with a listener         job.addPrintJobListener(new PrintJobAdapter( ) {                 public void printJobCompleted(PrintJobEvent e) {                     System.out.println("Print job complete");                     System.exit(0);                 }                 public void printDataTransferCompleted(PrintJobEvent e) {                     System.out.println("Document transfered to printer");                 }                 public void printJobRequiresAttention(PrintJobEvent e) {                     System.out.println("Print job requires attention");                     System.out.println("Check printer: out of paper?");                 }                 public void printJobFailed(PrintJobEvent e) {                     System.out.println("Print job failed");                     System.exit(1);                 }             });         // Now print the document, catching errors         try {             job.print(doc, attributes);         }         catch(PrintException e) {             System.out.println(e);             System.exit(1);         }     }     // A utility method to look up printers that can support the specified     // attributes and return the one that matches the specified name.     public static PrintService getNamedPrinter(String name,                                                PrintRequestAttributeSet attrs)     {         PrintService[  ] services =              PrintServiceLookup.lookupPrintServices(null, attrs);         if (services.length > 0) {             if (name == null) return services[0];             else {                 for(int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {                     if (services[i].getName( ).equals(name)) return services[i];                 }             }         }         return null;     }     // A utility method to return a DocFlavor object matching the      // extension of the filename.     public static DocFlavor getFlavorFromFilename(String filename) {         String extension = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf('.')+1);         extension = extension.toLowerCase( );         if (extension.equals("gif"))             return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.GIF;         else if (extension.equals("jpeg"))             return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.JPEG;         else if (extension.equals("jpg"))             return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.JPEG;         else if (extension.equals("png"))             return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.PNG;         else if (extension.equals("ps"))             return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.POSTSCRIPT;         else if (extension.equals("txt"))             return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.TEXT_PLAIN_HOST;         // Fallback: try to determine flavor from file content         else return DocFlavor.INPUT_STREAM.AUTOSENSE;     } }