Answers and Hints for Selected Exercises

We have included several types of exercises in our book. Some exercises have specific, often numeric answers; we give answers for most of those here. Other exercises are designed primarily to stimulate thought or imagination, perhaps best taking the form of a short essay response; we give additional hints or rhetorical questions for some but not all such exercises here. Still other exercises require the writing of actual programs that are usually short and can frequently build upon the model programs that are explained fully in the text; we do not present worked-out programs, but we do provide occasional suggestions beyond those contained within the exercises themselves.