R-S

random access memory (RAM)

A temporary memory location that stores the operating system, applications, and files that are currently in use. The content in this type of memory is constantly changing. When you shut down the computer, all information in this type of memory is lost.

RDISK

A critical management utility that is used to create a recovery disk that can be used in conjunction with the NT CD or disks. RDISK copies the system configuration information and the SAM database to the disk for use during the recovery process.

read access

Permissions that allow a user to view a resource but not modify it.

read-only memory (ROM)

A type of memory that has data pre-copied onto it. The data can only be read from and cannot be overwritten. ROM is used to store the BIOS software.

Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)

A reduced set of instructions used by a processor. PowerPC and Alpha processors are manufactured using this standard. The reduced instruction set enables a microprocessor to operate at higher speeds.

Redundant Array of Inexpensive (or Independent) Disks (RAID)

A method of using a series of hard disks as an array of drives. Some RAID implementations improve performance. Others improve performance and provide fault tolerance.

refresh rate

A measurement of the number of times that an image is redrawn to the screen per second. Measured in Hertz; a higher number is better.

Remote Access Service (RAS)

Allows computers to access the network remotely; for example, through a phone, ISDN, or Internet connection.

repeater

A network device, similar to a hub but with only two or three ports, that can be used to extend the transmission distance of a network signal or to join two networks.

replicate

The process by which a machine sends a copy of its databases to another machine. This usually occurs on a scheduled basis.

replication cycle

The means by which a group of machines synchronize their information; replication is usually done on a preconfigured schedule that can be adjusted due to network or organizational need.

resolve

To convert from one type to another. In relationship to IP addresses and domain names, it is the conversion of an IP address to a domain name on the Internet or vice versa.

rights

A right is different from a permission. Rights allow you to do a task, whereas permissions concern a particular resource. For instance, in order to access a particular file, a user must have the right to log on to the network and must also have permission to use that particular file.

root tree

The top domain within a newly created namespace. All other domains in the tree must fall within the root tree's namespace.

routers

Devices that connect two or more networks. Routers work at the Network layer of the OSI model, receiving packets and forwarding them to their correct destination.

routing table

A table created by a router that contains information on how to reach networks that are directly attached to the router and networks that are distant.

RS-232

An interface standard for use between data communications equipment (DCE) and data terminal equipment (DTE).

scalable

Capable of expanding to accommodate greater numbers of users and resources.

schema

The set of configuration elements that defines a particular directory. The schema contains information about all objects in the directory.

Security Accounts Manager (SAM)

A database on NT servers that contains the relationship between who a user is and the level of security access that the user has to resources on the network.

security identifier (SID)

A unique number used by NT/Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 to represent a user or a computer on the network

separator page

A page that is used to show where one print job stops and another one starts.

serial communication

The transmission of data one bit at a time.

server

A computer that provides dedicated file, print, messaging, application, or other services to client computers.

share

A share is resource, such as a directory or a printer, that is made available to network users. A share can have permissions associated to it to control which users can access its resources.

shareware

Software that is generally available for trial use. If you like the software, you should pay a small licensing fee.

Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI)

The microchip manufacturing innovation that IBM invented. It is based on the capability to enhance silicon technology by reducing the time it takes to move electricity through a conductor.

single-edge cartridge (SEC)

An advanced packaging scheme that the Intel Pentium II and later models use. The processor is encased in a cartridge module with a single edge that plugs into a 242-pin slot on the system board, much as an expansion card plugs into the system board.

Site Link

A logical connection that links two sites and controls the flow of traffic over WAN links. Just as a trust regulates the flow of permissions and resources, a Site Link regulates the speed and type of traffic that is allowed across the WAN. Site Links therefore enable an administrator to optimize bandwidth usage.

slave

A device that is controlled by another device called the master.

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

An interface that connects SCSI devices to the computer. This interface uses high-speed parallel technology to connect devices that include hard disks, CD-ROM players, tape backup devices, and other hardware peripherals.

standard

An agreed-upon set of rules, procedures, and functions that are widely accepted.

start bit

The bit that synchronizes the clock on the computer receiving the data. In asynchronous data transmission, the start bit is a space.

stop bit

The bit that identifies the end of the character being transmitted so that the character is clearly recognized.

switch

The modern name used for a multiport bridge. Like a regular bridge, each port on a switch represents a separate network. Traffic on each port is kept isolated except when the packet is destined for another device on a different port or if the packet is a broadcast. Broadcasts must be sent out all ports.

switch box

A device that enables multiple machines to share a single device, such as a printer or a monitor. The disadvantage is that only one machine at a time can use the device.

symmetric processor

Two or more processors in a computer that are each capable of completing processes simultaneously, which maximizes performance. Windows NT, 2000 Server, and Windows Server 2003 support SMP.

Symmetrical Multiprocessing (SMP)

A computer architecture that uses multiple CPUs to improve a computer's performance. As performance demands increase on an SMP-capable computer, additional CPUs can be added to boost performance. During operation, if one CPU is idle, it can be given any task to perform.

synchronous communication

Transmits data by synchronizing the data signal between the sender and receiver and sending data as a continuous stream. This is the most efficient way of sending large amounts of data but requires expensive equipment.




MCSA. MCSE 2003 JumpStart. Computer and Network Basics
MCSA/MCSE 2003 JumpStart
ISBN: 078214277X
EAN: 2147483647
Year: 2003
Pages: 203
Authors: Lisa Donald

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