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Book: LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell Section: Chapter 10. Exam 101 Highlighter's Index
10.3 Boot, Initialization, Shutdown, and Runlevels (Topic 2.6) 10.3.1 Objective 1: Boot the System 10.3.1.1 LILO, the Linux loader 10.3.1.2 Kernel parameters and module configuration -
LILO can pass kernel parameters using name=value pairs. -
Linux kernels are modular, with portions of kernel functionality compiled as modules to be used as needed. -
Parameters to modules can be specified in /etc/conf.modules. 10.3.1.3 Boot-time messages 10.3.2 Objective 2: Change Runlevels and Shutdownor Reboot System -
Runlevels specify how a system is used by controlling which services are running. -
Runlevels are numbered through 6, as well as with a few single characters. -
Runlevel 0 implies system shutdown. -
Runlevel 6 implies system reboot. -
The intermediate runlevels differ in meaning among distributions. -
Runlevel 1 (also s or S) is usually single-user (maintenance) mode. -
Runlevels 2 through 5 usually define some kind of multiuser state, including an X login screen. 10.3.2.1 Single-user mode -
Runlevel 1 is a bare-bones operating environment intended for maintenance. Remote logins are disabled, networking is disabled, and most daemons are shut down. -
Single-user mode can be entered with the single, or simply 1, parameter at the LILO prompt. -
Switching to single-user mode is done using init 1. 10.3.2.2 The /etc/rc.d directory 10.3.2.3 Default runlevel, determining runlevel, changing runlevels -
Runlevel is determined by the runlevel command, which displays the previous and current runlevels. An N for previous runlevel indicates that the runlevel has not changed since startup. -
Runlevels can be changed using init: - init n
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Change to runlevel n. | | |
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