Windows API Guide: MoveMemory Function | Windows API Guide - Reference - Volume 1: Version 3.0 For the MS-DOS and PC-DOS Operating Systems

Description & Usage

The virtual-key codes identify various virtual keys. Virtual keys mainly consist of actual keyboard keys, but also include "virtual" elements such as the three mouse buttons. The virtual keys also include many "keys" which usually do not exist at all! A key's virtual-key code does not change when modifier keys (Ctrl, Alt, Shift, etc.) are held -- e.g., the 1 key has the same virtual-key code whether 1 or ! is pressed. However, the numbers in the numeric keypad on the keyboard do have two different virtual-key codes: one for when Num Lock is on, and another for when Num Lock is off. Note that the virtual-key codes of 0-9 and A-Z equal their ASCII codes.

Note: The actual meanings of some of the key codes may vary on keyboards designed for different languages. Most notably, the VK_OEM_* that denote punctuation keys may vary between languages, relating to a different punctuation key. The meanings listed below are for a U.S. English-language keyboard.

Virtual Key Codes

VK_LBUTTON: The left mouse button
VK_RBUTTON: The right mouse button
VK_CANCEL: The Cancel virtual key, used for control-break processing
VK_MBUTTON: The middle mouse button
VK_BACK: Backspace
VK_TAB: Tab
VK_CLEAR: 5 (keypad without Num Lock)
VK_RETURN: Enter
VK_SHIFT: Shift (either one)
VK_CONTROL: Ctrl (either one)
VK_MENU: Alt (either one)
VK_PAUSE: Pause
VK_CAPITAL: Caps Lock
VK_ESCAPE: Esc
VK_SPACE: Spacebar
VK_PRIOR: Page Up
VK_NEXT: Page Down
VK_END: End
VK_HOME: Home
VK_LEFT: Left Arrow
VK_UP: Up Arrow
VK_RIGHT: Right Arrow
VK_DOWN: Down Arrow
VK_SELECT: Select
VK_PRINT: Print (only used by Nokia keyboards)
VK_EXECUTE: Execute (not used)
VK_SNAPSHOT: Print Screen
VK_INSERT: Insert
VK_DELETE: Delete
VK_HELP: Help
VK_0: 0
VK_1: 1
VK_2: 2
VK_3: 3
VK_4: 4
VK_5: 5
VK_6: 6
VK_7: 7
VK_8: 8
VK_9: 9
VK_A: A
VK_B: B
VK_C: C
VK_D: D
VK_E: E
VK_F: F
VK_G: G
VK_H: H
VK_I: I
VK_J: J
VK_K: K
VK_L: L
VK_M: M
VK_N: N
VK_O: O
VK_P: P
VK_Q: Q
VK_R: R
VK_S: S
VK_T: T
VK_U: U
VK_V: V
VK_W: W
VK_X: X
VK_Y: Y
VK_Z: Z
VK_STARTKEY: Start Menu key
VK_CONTEXTKEY: Context Menu key
VK_NUMPAD0: 0 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD1: 1 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD2: 2 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD3: 3 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD4: 4 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD5: 5 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD6: 6 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD7: 7 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD8: 8 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_NUMPAD9: 9 (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_MULTIPLY: * (keypad)
VK_ADD: + (keypad)
VK_SEPARATER: Separator (never generated by the keyboard)
VK_DECIMAL: . (keypad with Num Lock)
VK_DIVIDE: / (keypad)
VK_F1: F1
VK_F2: F2
VK_F3: F3
VK_F4: F4
VK_F5: F5
VK_F6: F6
VK_F7: F7
VK_F8: F8
VK_F9: F9
VK_F10: F10
VK_F11: F11
VK_F12: F12
VK_F13: F13
VK_F14: F14
VK_F15: F15
VK_F16: F16
VK_F17: F17
VK_F18: F18
VK_F19: F19
VK_F20: F20
VK_F21: F21
VK_F22: F22
VK_F23: F23
VK_F24: F24
VK_NUMLOCK: Num Lock
VK_OEM_SCROLL: Scroll Lock
VK_OEM_1: ;
VK_OEM_PLUS: =
VK_OEM_COMMA: ,
VK_OEM_MINUS: -
VK_OEM_PERIOD: .
VK_OEM_2: /
VK_OEM_3: `
VK_OEM_4: [
VK_OEM_5: \
VK_OEM_6: ]
VK_OEM_7: '
VK_OEM_8: (unknown)
VK_ICO_F17: F17 on Olivetti extended keyboard (internal use only)
VK_ICO_F18: F18 on Olivetti extended keyboard (internal use only)
VK_OEM_102: < or | on IBM-compatible 102 enhanced non-U.S. keyboard
VK_ICO_HELP: Help on Olivetti extended keyboard (internal use only)
VK_ICO_00: 00 on Olivetti extended keyboard (internal use only)
VK_ICO_CLEAR: Clear on Olivette extended keyboard (internal use only)
VK_OEM_RESET: Reset (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_JUMP: Jump (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_PA1: PA1 (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_PA2: PA2 (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_PA3: PA3 (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_WSCTRL: WSCTRL (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_CUSEL: CUSEL (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_ATTN: ATTN (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_FINNISH: FINNISH (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_COPY: COPY (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_AUTO: AUTO (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_ENLW: ENLW (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_OEM_BACKTAB: BACKTAB (Nokia keyboards only)
VK_ATTN: ATTN
VK_CRSEL: CRSEL
VK_EXSEL: EXSEL
VK_EREOF: EREOF
VK_PLAY: PLAY
VK_ZOOM: ZOOM
VK_NONAME: NONAME
VK_PA1: PA1
VK_OEM_CLEAR: CLEAR

Constant Definitions

Const VK_LBUTTON = &H1 Const VK_RBUTTON = &H2 Const VK_CANCEL = &H3 Const VK_MBUTTON = &H4 Const VK_BACK = &H8 Const VK_TAB = &H9 Const VK_CLEAR = &HC Const VK_RETURN = &HD Const VK_SHIFT = &H10 Const VK_CONTROL = &H11 Const VK_MENU = &H12 Const VK_PAUSE = &H13 Const VK_CAPITAL = &H14 Const VK_ESCAPE = &H1B Const VK_SPACE = &H20 Const VK_PRIOR = &H21 Const VK_NEXT = &H22 Const VK_END = &H23 Const VK_HOME = &H24 Const VK_LEFT = &H25 Const VK_UP = &H26 Const VK_RIGHT = &H27 Const VK_DOWN = &H28 Const VK_SELECT = &H29 Const VK_PRINT = &H2A Const VK_EXECUTE = &H2B Const VK_SNAPSHOT = &H2C Const VK_INSERT = &H2D Const VK_DELETE = &H2E Const VK_HELP = &H2F Const VK_0 = &H30 Const VK_1 = &H31 Const VK_2 = &H32 Const VK_3 = &H33 Const VK_4 = &H34 Const VK_5 = &H35 Const VK_6 = &H36 Const VK_7 = &H37 Const VK_8 = &H38 Const VK_9 = &H39 Const VK_A = &H41 Const VK_B = &H42 Const VK_C = &H43 Const VK_D = &H44 Const VK_E = &H45 Const VK_F = &H46 Const VK_G = &H47 Const VK_H = &H48 Const VK_I = &H49 Const VK_J = &H4A Const VK_K = &H4B Const VK_L = &H4C Const VK_M = &H4D Const VK_N = &H4E Const VK_O = &H4F Const VK_P = &H50 Const VK_Q = &H51 Const VK_R = &H52 Const VK_S = &H53 Const VK_T = &H54 Const VK_U = &H55 Const VK_V = &H56 Const VK_W = &H57 Const VK_X = &H58 Const VK_Y = &H59 Const VK_Z = &H5A Const VK_STARTKEY = &H5B Const VK_CONTEXTKEY = &H5D Const VK_NUMPAD0 = &H60 Const VK_NUMPAD1 = &H61 Const VK_NUMPAD2 = &H62 Const VK_NUMPAD3 = &H63 Const VK_NUMPAD4 = &H64 Const VK_NUMPAD5 = &H65 Const VK_NUMPAD6 = &H66 Const VK_NUMPAD7 = &H67 Const VK_NUMPAD8 = &H68 Const VK_NUMPAD9 = &H69 Const VK_MULTIPLY = &H6A Const VK_ADD = &H6B Const VK_SEPARATOR = &H6C Const VK_SUBTRACT = &H6D Const VK_DECIMAL = &H6E Const VK_DIVIDE = &H6F Const VK_F1 = &H70 Const VK_F2 = &H71 Const VK_F3 = &H72 Const VK_F4 = &H73 Const VK_F5 = &H74 Const VK_F6 = &H75 Const VK_F7 = &H76 Const VK_F8 = &H77 Const VK_F9 = &H78 Const VK_F10 = &H79 Const VK_F11 = &H7A Const VK_F12 = &H7B Const VK_F13 = &H7C Const VK_F14 = &H7D Const VK_F15 = &H7E Const VK_F16 = &H7F Const VK_F17 = &H80 Const VK_F18 = &H81 Const VK_F19 = &H82 Const VK_F20 = &H83 Const VK_F21 = &H84 Const VK_F22 = &H85 Const VK_F23 = &H86 Const VK_F24 = &H87 Const VK_NUMLOCK = &H90 Const VK_OEM_SCROLL = &H91 Const VK_OEM_1 = &HBA Const VK_OEM_PLUS = &HBB Const VK_OEM_COMMA = &HBC Const VK_OEM_MINUS = &HBD Const VK_OEM_PERIOD = &HBE Const VK_OEM_2 = &HBF Const VK_OEM_3 = &HC0 Const VK_OEM_4 = &HDB Const VK_OEM_5 = &HDC Const VK_OEM_6 = &HDD Const VK_OEM_7 = &HDE Const VK_OEM_8 = &HDF Const VK_ICO_F17 = &HE0 Const VK_ICO_F18 = &HE1 Const VK_OEM102 = &HE2 Const VK_ICO_HELP = &HE3 Const VK_ICO_00 = &HE4 Const VK_ICO_CLEAR = &HE6 Const VK_OEM_RESET = &HE9 Const VK_OEM_JUMP = &HEA Const VK_OEM_PA1 = &HEB Const VK_OEM_PA2 = &HEC Const VK_OEM_PA3 = &HED Const VK_OEM_WSCTRL = &HEE Const VK_OEM_CUSEL = &HEF Const VK_OEM_ATTN = &HF0 Const VK_OEM_FINNISH = &HF1 Const VK_OEM_COPY = &HF2 Const VK_OEM_AUTO = &HF3 Const VK_OEM_ENLW = &HF4 Const VK_OEM_BACKTAB = &HF5 Const VK_ATTN = &HF6 Const VK_CRSEL = &HF7 Const VK_EXSEL = &HF8 Const VK_EREOF = &HF9 Const VK_PLAY = &HFA Const VK_ZOOM = &HFB Const VK_NONAME = &HFC Const VK_PA1 = &HFD Const VK_OEM_CLEAR = &HFE

Used By

GetAsyncKeyState, GetKeyboardState, GetKeyState, keybd_event, KEYBDINPUT, SetKeyboardState

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Last Modified: September 6, 1999
This page is copyright © 1999 Paul Kuliniewicz. Copyright Information Revised October 29, 2000
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