NMAP or Network Mapper is an excellent freeware reconnaissance utility. NMAP is typically used as a port mapper utility, sending packets to hosts with various settings to determine which ports are open on a device. NMAP can also be used as an Operating System reconnaissance tool since NMAP has the ability to send packets to a host and, based on the response to those packets, determine which Operating System the host is running. NMAP can be obtained at http://www.nmap.org.