Index R

R

Random Early Detection (RED), 499, 500–502

defined, 500

gateway, 501

implementation, 502

operation, 501–2

queue length thresholds, 501

variations, 502

Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), 292–93

defined, 292

functions, 292–93

Real-Time Protocol (RTP), 289–92

as best-effort protocol, 290

defined, 289

header, 290

implementations, 289

mixers, 291, 292

sessions, 290

simultaneous data transfer support, 289

translators, 291–92

Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), 293–94

caching and, 526

defined, 293

as framework, 293

RTP and, 293, 294

Received interface, 267

Recovery

disaster, 394, 398–401

times, determining, 408

Redistribution, route, 222–23

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), 459–60

defined, 459

levels, 459

peripheral switching, 460

Redundant Link Management (RLM), 427–29

defined, 427

drawbacks, 429

illustrated, 429

implementation, 427

traffic, 428

Registered private addresses, 73–74

Registration Authorities (RAs), 325

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs)

directories and, 123–24

report-generation tools, 125

Relative priority-marking model, 563

Reliability, 413–14

defined, 413

improving, 432

power, 460–63

Reliable Adaptive Multicast Protocol (RAMP), 297

Reliable multicast, 295–98

congestion control, 295

current status, 297–98

design issues, 296–97

framework (RMF), 297

requirements, 295–96

scalability, 295

security, 295–96

timely error detection, 296

Reliable Multicast Congestion Control (RMCC), 297

Reliable network design, 391–469

component-level availability, 456–64

failure planning, 393–416

fault-tolerance, 436–42

resilience, 416–32, 464–69

summary, 469

See also Network design

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS), 332

Remote Execution Protocol (REXEC), 35

Remote Network Monitoring (RMON), 655–61, 707

agents, 656

defined, 655

implementation costs, 656

MIB groups, 657–61

MIBs, 657

operation, 656–57

preemptive monitoring, 657

RMONv1, 656

RMONv2, 656

summary, 661

See also Network management

Remote Procedure Call (RPC), 35

Remote proxy server algorithms, 503, 504

Remote shell, 35

Repeaters, 39–40

buffered, 39

as commodity item, 39–40

defined, 39

examples, 39

topological control with, 427–29

Request for Information (RFI), 7

Request for Proposals (RFP), 7

Requirements

analysis, 10

assessing, 9–10

designing, 8–9

desirable, 9

end users and, 5–6

establishing, 5–10

highly desirable, 9

mandatory, 9

phasing, 6–8

prioritizing, 9

rolling process of, 5

translating, 6

See also Network design

Resilience, 416–32

fault-tolerance architecture, 437

features, 14

hub, 466

switched service, 423–24

topological, 416–18

Resilient end-system topologies, 430–32

backup power and media, 431

desktop management, 431–32

dual NICs, 431

dual port transceivers, 430–31

multiple network points, 430

Resilient LANs, 424–30

backbone design, 425–26

with repeaters, 427–29

with routers, 426–27

segmentation, 429–30

with switches and bridges, 427

topological control, 426–29

Resilient network design, 464–69

backbone, 465

building, 466–67

floor, 467–68

testing, 468–69

See also Network design

Resilient WANs, 418–24

dial backup/top-up links, 420

internal meshing, 423–24

link failure detection, 424

point-to-point meshing, 420–22

point-to-point star network, 418–20

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), 563, 604–16

admission control, 625

Application Programming Interface (RAPI), 615

behavior with multicast flows, 614

CBR with, 626–27

common header, 606

common header field definitions, 606–7

defined, 604

design, 604–5

with DS, 614–15

end-to-end support, 616

field definitions, 607–9

Fixed-Filter (FF), 614

with IEEE 802.1p, 625–26

IS use of, 598–99

message format, 606–9

multicast operations, 612–13

object header, 606

operation, 609–13

path definition process, 610

path setup, reservation, teardown, 609–12

process, 611

requests, 605

reservation style, 613–15

rev message flow, 611

router, 609, 610

sender, 609

sessions, 605

Shared-Explicit (SE), 614

summary, 629

teardown messages, 612

tearing down paths, 612

Wildcard-Filter (WF), 614

Reverse ARP (RARP), 90–91

Dynamic (DRARP), 90–91

servers, 90

uses, 90

See also Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Reverse path forwarding (RPF), 252–53

RIP, 175, 177–87

active, 184

addressing, 182

authentication, 181–82

background, 177

defined, 175, 177

demand circuits, 185–86

distance-vector routing enhancements, 186–87

enhancements, 184

handling new subnet mask information, 181

issues, 184

operation, 182–87

packet formats, 178–82

passive, 184

performance, 185

protocol stack, 177

RIPv1 header format, 178

RIPv1/RIPv2 compatibility, 186

RIPv1 routing entries, 178, 179–80

RIPv1 routing entry definitions, 178–79

RIPv1 routing update message, 180

RIPv2 authentication format, 182

RIPv2 routing entry definitions, 180–81

RIPv2 routing entry format, 181

routing algorithm, 182–83

routing tables, 183–84

scalability, 185

timers, 184

uses, 175

Risk, quantifying, 405–8

Risk analysis, 317

with ALE, 406–8

defined, 401

issues, 402–3

weighted, 406

Risk management, 408–10

approaches, 409–10

as compromise, 408–9

defined, 401

RMON MIB groups, 657–61

alarm group, 660

capture group, 660

defined, 657–58

event group, 660–61

filter group, 659

history group, 659

host group, 659

Host TopN group, 659

matrix group, 659

statistics group, 658–59

See also Remote Network Monitoring (RMON)

Root-Addressed Multicast Architecture (RAMA), 288–89

Round-Trip Time (RTT), 520

Route lookup, 233–34

avoiding, 234

defined, 233

performance, improving, 233–34

Router addressing, 219–22

broadcast forwarding, 221

multinetting, 220–21

route summarization, 222

unnumbered links, 219–20

Route redistribution, 222–23

Routers, 42–45, 54–55

access, 226

advantages, 49–50

applications, 224–26

architecture, 226–34

backbone, 194, 224–25

benefits, 49–50

BGP, 207

capabilities, 49

defined, 42–43

designated, 201–2

DVMRP, 268, 271

dynamic discovery, 174

enterprise, 225

hierarchy, 158–60

hybrid multiprotocol, 54

integrated bridge, 44–45

interface modules, 229–30

issues, 50

MBone, 284

misconfigurations, 160

multicast border, 283

Multicast OSPF, 272, 273

multiprotocol bridge, 43–44

operating systems, 235

operations, 223–24

packet-filtering, 340–42

packet switch evolution, 227–28

routing processor, 228–29

RSVP, 609, 610

scheduling techniques, 235

switch design issues, 232–34

switching fabric, 230–32

topological control with, 426–27

troubleshooting features, 680–81

upstream, 267

virtual, 443

VRRP, 443

Routing

announcements, 521

architecture, 156–57

CBR, 574, 578–82

CIDR, 145–48

convergence, 172

DDR, 420

design issues, 165–77

direct interface entries, 166

dynamic entries, 166

end-system, 172–74

entry types, 166

forwarding decision, 169–71

granularity, 578, 579

hierarchical, 148, 149, 160–61

information maintenance, 223

inter-AS, 210

interdomain, 282–89

intra-AS, 210

Layer 3, 582

least cost, 573

levels, 158–59

MBone, 285–86

metrics, 166–67

multicast, 264–89

optimization, 474

pass-through AS, 210

path selection, 167–69

PBR, 574, 576–78

policy, 703

protocol classes, 159

QBR, 574, 575–76

static entries, 166

strategy, choosing, 174–77

technology, 155–236

Type of Service (TOS)-based, 162

VPN, 382

Routing Information Protocol. See RIP

Routing processors, 228–29

configurations, 228

coprocessors, 229

multiprocessors, 229

single, 228

subsidiary, 228–29

Routing protocols, 161–65

BGP, 205–19

classification of, 165

convergence, 172

distance-vector, 161–65

DUAL, 164–65

legacy, 476

link-state, 162–65

multicast, 254–56

OSPF, 175, 176, 187–204

RIP, 175, 177–87

selection, 473

Routing tables, 165

creation of, 170

RIP, 183–84

size, 580

structure, 580

Run-Length Encoding (RLE), 483–84