Intelligent Enterprises of the 21st Century

Jatinder N. D. Gupta University of Alabama in Huntsville,

USA

Sushil K. Sharma Ball State University,

USA

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

 Intelligent enterprises of the 21st century / Jatinder N.D. Gupta, Sushil K. Sharma, editors.     p. cm. 

ISBN 1-59140-160-7 (h/c)

ISBN 1-59140-269-7 (s/c)

ISBN 1-59140-161-5 (ebook)

1. Industrial management--Automation. 2. Information technology--Management. 3. Management information systems. 4. Knowledge management. 5. Electronic commerce--Management. 6. Internet. I. Title: Intelligent enterprises of the twenty-first century. II. Gupta, Jatinder N. D. III. Sharma, S. K. (Sushil Kumar), 1947-

HD45.2.I583 2003

658.4'038--dc22

2003017707

British Cataloguing in Publication Data

A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.

All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.

About the Authors

Jatinder N. D. Gupta is currently Eminent Scholar of Management of Technology, Professor of Management Information Systems, Industrial and Systems Engineering, and Engineering Management, and Chairperson of the Department of Accounting and Information Systems at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA. Most recently, he was Professor of Management, Information and Communication Sciences, and Industry and Technology at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. He holds a Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering (with a specialization in Production Management and Information Systems) from Texas Tech University. Co-author of a textbook on operations research, Dr. Gupta serves on the editorial boards of several national and international journals. Recipient of the Outstanding Faculty and Outstanding Researcher awards from Ball State University, he has published numerous papers in such journals as Journal of Management Information Systems, International Journal of Information Management, Operations Research, INFORMS Journal of Computing, Annals of Operations Research, and Mathematics of Operations Research. More recently, he served as a Co-editor of several special issues including the Neural Networks in Business of Computers and Operations Research and books that included Decision Making Support Systems: Achievements and Challenges for the New Decade published by Idea Group Publishing. His current research interests include e-commerce, supply chain management, information and decision technologies, scheduling, planning and control, organizational learning and effectiveness, systems education, knowledge management, and enterprise integration. Dr. Gupta has held elected and appointed positions in several academic and professional societies including the Association for Information Systems, Production and Operations Management Society (POMS), the Decision Sciences Institute (DSI), and the Information Resources Management Association (IRMA).

Sushil K. Sharma is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of Information Systems and Operations Management at Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA. He received his Ph.D. in Information Systems from Pune University in India. Prior to joining Ball State, Dr. Sharma held the Associate Professor position at the Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow, India, and Visiting Research Associate Professor position at the Department of Management Science, University of Waterloo, Canada. Co-author of two textbooks, Programming in C and Understanding Unix, Dr. Sharma's research contributions have appeared in many peer-reviewed national and international journals, conferences and seminar proceedings. He has extensive experience in providing consulting services to several government and private organizations including World Bank funded projects in the areas of information systems, e-commerce, and knowledge management. Dr. Sharma's primary teaching and research interests are in e-commerce, networking environments, network security, ERP systems, database management systems, and knowledge management.

Henry Aigbedo is an Assistant Professor of Production and Operations Management at Oakland University, Michigan, USA. He received his Ph.D. in Management Science and Engineering from the University of Tsukuba, Japan. Prior to joining Oakland University, he held faculty positions at the University of Tsukuba and Iowa State University. He has acquired valuable experience through work and research at companies in various countries. His research interests include Just-in-Time manufacturing systems, scheduling, and supply chain management. He has had his research published in the International Journal of Production Research and Production Planning and Control, among others. His professional affiliations include the Decision Sciences Institute, the Institute for Operations Research and Management Sciences, the Institute of Industrial Engineers, Japan Industrial Management Association, and Production and Operations Management Society.

Kaushal Chari is an Associate Professor of Information Systems and Decision Sciences at the University of South Florida, USA. He obtained a B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur, followed by an MBA and Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. His research has been published in journals such as INFORMS Journal on Computing, Information Systems Research, Telecommunication Systems, Decision Support Systems, European Journal of Operational Research, Computers & Operations Research and Omega. His research interests include decision support systems, software agent applications in e-commerce, software testing, distributed systems and telecommunications network design. He was the Co-chair for INFORMS CIST 2001 and is currently serving as the functional Editor-MIS for Interfaces journal.

Lei-Da Chen is Assistant Professor of Information Systems and Technology at the College of Business Administration of Creighton University. His research and consulting interests include electronic commerce, mobile e-commerce, Web-based systems development, data warehousing and mining, and diffusion of information technology in organizations. Dr. Chen has published more than 30 professional articles in refereed journals and national and international conference proceedings. His research has appeared in Information & Management, Communications of AIS, Journal of Management Systems, Information Systems Management, Logistics Information Management, Information Resources Management Journal, Journal of Computer Information Systems, Electronic Markets, and Journal of Education for MIS. In 2001, Dr. Chen was recognized as one of the most published e-commerce researchers by the International Journal of Electronic Commerce.

Jen-Yao Chung received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Since June 1989, he has been a Research Staff Member with the T. J. Watson Research Center (USA). He currently is the Senior Manager of the Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain Department and Program Director for the IBM Institute for Advanced Commerce Technology office. Dr. Chung's current research is in e-marketplaces, XML and EDI, integrating existing business with the World Wide Web, and business process integration and management. Dr. Chung is the Co-chair for IEEE task force on e-commerce. He is the Program Co-chair for IEEE Conference on e-commerce (CEC'03). He served as the Program Co-chairs for IEEE Workshop on e-commerce and Web-based Information Systems, WECWIS'02, steering committee chairs for WECWIS'01 and WECWIS'00, and General Co-chair for WECWIS'99.

Adolfo Crespo M rquez is Associate Professor in the Department of Industrial Management at the School of Engineering and holds the Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado de la Universidad de Sevilla (Spain) in 1993 (SU Doctorate Award). He has published in such journals as: International Journal of Agile Manufacturing, International Journal of Production Research, Reliability Engineering and Systems Safety, International Journal of Production Economics, European Journal of Operations Research, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Decision Support Systems, Mantenimiento, Gesti n de Activos Industriales, and Ingenier a y Gesti n de Mantenimiento, Alta Direcci n. Dr. Cresp Marquez is Chairman of the Spanish Committee for Maintenance Standardization since 1995 and member of the Board of AEM (Spanish Maintenance Society), and is Co-founder and Chairman of INGEMAN (Asociaci n para el Desarrollo de la Ingenier a de Mantenimiento-Society for the Maintenance Engineering Development).

Wendy L. Currie is Professor and Director of the Centre for Strategic Information Systems (CSIS) at Brunel University (UK). She has recently won three research grants from the EPSRC, ESRC and EU for studies on e-business models, focusing specifically upon application services provisioning, web services and e-logistics and supply-chain management. She has wide experience within business and IT strategy, with numerous books and articles within the fields of IS strategy, outsourcing, e-business and the global software and computing services industry. Her recent books include, The Global Information Society, New Strategies in IT Outsourcing in the US and Europe, and Rethinking MIS. Her journals include OMEGA, BJM, EJIS, JIT, LRP, and others. She is an Associate Editor of MIS-Q and on editorial boards of the JSIS, JIT and JCM. A member of the US-AIS and the UK-AIS, she is a Visiting Fellow at Oxford University and an Associate Faculty member at Henley Management College.

Jose M. Framinan received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Seville, Spain, and is currently Associate Professor at the School of Engineering at the same university. His research areas include production planning and information systems. He has published a number of articles in international refereed journals, including European Journal of Operational Research, International Journal of Agile Manufacturing, International Journal of Production Research, and Production Planning and Control.

Matthew W. Guah is a Researcher at the Centre for Strategic Information Systems (CSIS) in the Department of Information Systems and Computing at Brunel University, UK. He is currently investigating how ASP vertical model can be applied to the United Kingdom's National Health Service, building on previous IT research. He also has a more general interest in the cognitive, material and social relationships between science, technology and business, as well as their implications for present-day understandings of creativity and innovation. He comes into academia with a wealth of industrial experience spanning over ten years within Merrill Lynch (European HQ), CITI Bank, HSBC, British Airways, British Standards Institute, and the United Nations. A recent publication includes Issues of Information Systems, among others. He is a member of UKAIS, IAIS, BMiS, BCS, among others.

Leo Tan Wee Hin has a Ph.D. degree in Marine Biology. He holds the concurrent appointments of Director of the National Institute of Education, Professor of Biological Sciences in Nanyang Technological University and President of the Singapore National Academy of Science. Prior to this, he was Director of the Singapore Science Centre. His research interests are in the fields of marine biology, science education, museum science, telecommunications, and transportation. He has published numerous research papers in international refereed journals.

Nory Jones is an Assistant Professor of MIS at the Maine Business School, University of Maine in Orono, USA. Her research interests are in the areas of knowledge management and collaborative technologies, as well as the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations. She holds a Ph.D. in Information Systems from the University of Missouri at Columbia. She has published in the Journal of Knowledge Management, Online Information Review, Performance Improvement Quarterly, Technology Horizons in Education, and e-Learning in Corporations, Prentice Hall.

Shivraj Kanungo holds an integrated bachelor's and master's degree (1986) from Birla Institute of Technology and Science, India, an MS degree (1988) in Management Information Systems from Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, IL, and a Ph.D. (1993) in Information and Decision Systems from the George Washington University, Washington D.C. His research interests are in evaluating and assessing IT effectiveness in organizations, software process improvement, and the relationship between organizational culture and information system use. His publications have appeared in Decision Support Systems, European Journal of Information Systems, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, and the Journal of Strategic Information Systems.

Sandeep Krishnamurthy is Associate Professor of E-commerce and Marketing at the University of Washington, Bothell, USA. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Arizona in Marketing and Economics. He has developed and taught several innovative courses related to e-commerce to both MBA and undergraduate students. He has written extensively about e-commerce. Most recently, he has published a 450-page MBA textbook titled E-commerce Management: Text and Cases. His scholarly works on e-commerce have appeared in journals such as Business Horizons, Journal of Consumer Affairs, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Quarterly Journal of E-commerce, Marketing Management, First Monday, Journal of Marketing Research, and Journal of Service Marketing. His writings in the business press have appeared on Clickz.com, Digitrends.net and Marketingprofs.com. His comments have been featured in press articles in outlets such as Marketing Computers, direct Magazine, Wired.com, Medialifemagizine.com, Oracle's profit magazine and the Washington Post. Sandeep also works in the areas of generic advertising and non-profit marketing.

Mahesh S. Raisinghani is a Program Director of eBusiness and a faculty member at the Graduate School of Management, University of Dallas (USA), where he teaches MBA courses in Information Systems and eBusiness. Dr. Raisinghani was the recipient of the 1999 UD Presidential Award; 2001 King/Haggar Award for excellence in teaching, research and service; 2002 research award and a finalist at the 2002 Asian Chamber of Commerce awards. He serves as an associate editor and on the editorial review board of leading information systems/e-commerce journals, and on the board of directors of Sequoia, Inc. Dr. Raisinghani is included in the millennium edition of Who's Who in the World, Who's Who Among America's Teachers and Who's Who in Information Technology.

Martin Reichenbach received his Ph.D. as an Assistant of the Institute of Computer Science and Social Studies at the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg. After several years of research activities and lectures at the Freiburg University and Vienna University (Austria) in the areas of security in communication systems, and multilateral security in electronic business scenarios, he focused on the security, functionality and efficiency of electronic payment systems in e- and m-business-scenarios. Besides his theoretical activities, he was engaged in technology transfer of IT security with an emphasis on risk analysis, risk management and security concepts. Currently, Dr. Reichenbach is the information security officer of a leading German bank.

Britta Riede was born in Halle, Germany. She received her undergraduate degree at St. Andrews Presbyterian College in Laurinburg, NC, and completed her MBA at Syracuse University, NY. Riede is currently working toward an MS in Information Systems and Decision Science at Louisiana State University (USA) with a thesis is in the area of Customer Relationship Management. She is also a Graduate Assistant to the Management Department Chair at LSU, has been developing distance learning modules including streaming audio and video, and PowerPoint presentations wrapped in a web interface. Riede has experience in the areas of sports management and athlete representation and marketing.

Rafael Ruiz-Usano received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Seville, Spain, and is currently Professor at the School of Engineering where he teaches Quantitative Methods Applied to Management and heads the Industrial Management Research Group. His research fields include manufacturing systems, push/pull production control, and industrial systems dynamics. His articles have appeared or are to appear in European Journal of Operational Research, International Journal of Production Research, and Production Planning and Control.

Saravanan Seshadri is the Founder and President of Ultramatics, Inc., a pioneer in providing innovative solutions for the healthcare industry. Prior to founding Ultramatics, Saru was Director of Product Management for a major EAI and B2B Solutions provider. Saru's focus areas include new age integration tools, frameworks and healthcare solutions.

Thomas F. Siems is Senior Economist and Policy Advisor at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, USA. As a member of the research department's Free-Enterprise Group, Siems' research focuses primarily on how new technologies, particularly the Internet and e-commerce, impact the New Economy by raising productivity and keeping prices low. Dr. Siems's expertise is in understanding efficiency and its impact on businesses, markets, and economies. Siems earned a B.S. in Industrial and Operations Engineering from the University of Michigan, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Operations Research from the Southern Methodist University. Dr. Siems serves as a Senior Lecturer in the Engineering Management, Information and Systems programs in the School of Engineering at SMU. He has also taught business, economics, statistics, and operations management courses at the University of Dallas and LeTourneau University, and is a Research Affiliate at SMU's Hart eCenter.

R. Subramaniam has a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry. He is an Assistant Professor at the National Institute of Education in Nanyang Technological University and Honorary Secretary of the Singapore National Academy of Science. Prior to this, he was Acting Head of Physical Sciences at the Singapore Science Centre. His research interests are in the fields of physical chemistry, science education, theoretical cosmophysics, museum science, telecommunications, and transportation. He has published several research papers in international refereed journals.

Justin Tan is a Professor of Management at Creighton University, USA. He also holds various visiting and honorary appointments from prestigious universities overseas. His research interests include strategic management, international business, entrepreneurship, and cross-cultural management. His research has been published in academic journals such as Strategic Management Journal, Journal of Management, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of Business Venturing, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Journal of International Management, International Business Review, Asian Pacific Management Journal, Journal of Management Inquiry, Management International Review, among others. His research has been supported by grants from the Ford Foundation, Chiang Ching Kuo Foundation (North America), CIBER, and other government and business organizations.

Zaiyong Tang is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Consumer Information Systems and Analysis at Louisiana Tech University, USA. He obtained his Ph.D. in MIS from the University of Florida, an M.S. from Washington State University, an M.E. from Chengdu University of Science and Technology, B.E. from Chongqing University, P.R. China. His research interests include information technology diffusion, artificial intelligence (in particular, intelligent agents), neural networks, knowledge management, and agent-based modeling. His work has appeared in INFORMS Journal on Computing, Simulation, and Neural Networks, and various conference proceedings.

Denis Trč ek received his Ph.D. from the University of Ljubljana. His area of research and interest include information systems and electronic business with emphasis on security. He has taken part in various European research projects (NetLINK CEE, COST projects, etc.). He has been involved in application oriented projects for the Slovene National Gallery (implementation of IS), Internet banking services for the biggest Slovene bank Nova Ljubljanska Banka, and introduction of smart-cards into the health sector, a nationwide project. His bibliography includes more than 60 titles, including international journals with SCI impact factors and monographs. He was an invited speaker at international security events, e.g., PKI Invitational Workshop, organized by US Vice President Al Gore's Committee for security on information superhighway, NIST and MITRE Corp. in September 1995, Washington D.C. He has been also a member of program committees of international conferences.

Bruce A. Walters is an Assistant Professor of Management at Louisiana Tech University, USA. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Arlington. His current research interests include competitive advantage in dynamic environments, top executive characteristics, strategic decision processes, and business ethics. His research has appeared in several journals, including Strategic Management Journal, Journal of Management, Information and Management, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Education for Business, Competitive Intelligence Review, Business Horizons, and Health Marketing Quarterly.

Edward F. Watson is the E.J. Ourso Professor of Business Analysis and Director of the SAP UCC and Enterprise Systems Programs at Louisiana State University, USA. Dr. Watson's interests include enterprise and e-business systems implementation and organizational impact, logistics information management, process engineering and performance analysis. Dr. Watson's doctoral and master's degrees are in Industrial Engineering from Penn State, and his B.S. in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research is from Syracuse University. He has published in such journals as Decision Sciences, Decision Support Systems, IEEE Transactions on Computers, International Journal of Production Research, Interfaces, European Journal of Operational Research, and Communications of the Association for Information Systems. He is active in the information systems and decision sciences communities and is a regular contributor and speaker at related conferences and workshops.

Nilmini Wickramasinghe is an Assistant Professor in the Computer and Information Science Department at the James J. Nance College of Business Administration at Cleveland State University, Ohio, USA. Earlier, she was a Senior Lecturer in Business Information Systems at the University of Melbourne, Australia. She holds a Ph.D. in Management Information Systems from Case Western Reserve University. She is currently researching and published in the areas of management of technology, health care, as well as IS issues especially as they relate to knowledge work and e-business.

John M. Yoho received his undergraduate degree at the University of Texas at Austin, TX. He completed his MBA at Syracuse University, NY. He is currently working on his Ph.D. in Information Systems and Decision Sciences at Louisiana State University. His primary area of interest is enterprise systems. John has three years of experience working with consulting companies, specializing in telecommunications systems implementation. In addition, he has taught several courses in network design, switching and routing, telecommunications and Microsoft Windows networking technologies.

Xiangyun Zeng is an Associate Professor and Director of the library of Daxian Teachers College. He is a member of the college academic committee, the vice-director of Dazhou Library Institute. He graduated from Daxian Teachers College, and did postgraduate study in Library and Information Science in Nankan University, East-China Normal University and Sichuan University. His research interests are in the development and application of electronic resource, the automation and networking in the library, and the science and industrial management of information.

Liang-Jie Zhang is a Research Staff Member at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, USA. He is part of the e-business solutions and autonomic computing research team with a focus on collaborative business process integration and management innovations. Dr. Zhang has more than 12 years of experience in creating novel technologies and products for e-business integration, streaming media, and intelligent information appliances. He is the General Co-chair and Program Chair of the First International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'03) and Program Co-chair of IEEE Conference on e-commerce (CEC'03). Dr. Zhang is the Vice Chair of communications for IEEE Task Force on e-commerce. Liang-Jie received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering at Xidian University in 1990, an M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Xi'an Jiaotong University in 1992, and a Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at Tsinghua University in 1996.

Acknowledgments

We believe that the book will be a comprehensive compilation of the thoughts and vision required to create intelligent enterprises of the 21^st century. There is thorough discussion of a variety of concepts, tools, and technologies required for knowledge creation and management in intelligent enterprises. The presentations illustrate the concepts with a variety of public, private, societal, and organizational applications. They offer practical guidelines for designing and developing intelligent enterprises. Thus, the book should benefit undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in knowledge management, intelligent enterprises, and related areas. It should also be of interest to the practitioners seeking to better support and improve their decision making. Hopefully, the book will also stimulate new research about creating and maintaining intelligent enterprises by academicians and practitioners.

This book would not have been possible without the cooperation and assistance of many people: the authors, reviewers, our colleagues, and the staff at Idea Group Publishing. The editors would like to thank Mehdi Khosrow-Pour for inviting us to produce this book, Jan Travers for managing this project, and Michele Rossi, development editor, for answering our questions and keeping us on schedule.

Many of the authors of chapters in this book served as reviewers of other chapters, and so we are doubly appreciative of their contributions. We also acknowledge our respective universities for affording us the time to work on this project and our colleagues and students for many stimulating discussions. Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge their families for providing time and support for this project.

Jatinder N. D. Gupta, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA

Sushil K. Sharma, Ball State University, USA

June 2003