VariablesYou declare variables like this in C# (the syntax we'll use is standard for C# documentationitems in square brackets are optional, and items in italics are placeholders for your own identifiers): [ attributes ] [ modifiers ] type declarators ; Here are the parts of this statement:
For example, to declare an integer variable named temperature , you can use the statement int temperature; and then assign it a value of 32 like this: int temperature; temperature = 32; System.Console.WriteLine("The temperature is {0}.", temperature); You can also initialize variables when you declare them, as in this case, where we're declaring a string variable and assigning it a value in the same step: string greeting = "Hello from C#."; System.Console.WriteLine(greeting); When you assign literals to variables, C# ensures that the type matches. That means statements like these work to declare variables: int temperature = 32; double data = 1.53322; However, the default type for floating point literals is double , so statements like these seem like errors to the compiler, because you're assigning what it thinks is a double value to decimal and float variables: decimal dough = 300.5; float data = 1.53322; To set the type of these literals, you can use the m (or M ) suffix for decimal literals and the f (or F ) suffix for float literals, like this: decimal dough = 300.5m; float data = 1.53322f; You can assign values of true or false to Boolean variables this way: bool day = true; bool night = false; Now that you have a grip on working with variables, it's time to use the Console.ReadLine method to read text, store it, and display it, as you see in Listing 1.2. In ch01_02.cs, the Console.ReadLine method returns the text typed by the user , which we store in a variable named text and then display that text using Console.WriteLine . That's all there is to it. Listing 1.2 Reading Text and Displaying it (ch01_02.cs)class ch01_02 { static void Main() { string text; System.Console.Write("Type some text: "); text = System.Console.ReadLine(); System.Console.WriteLine("You typed {0}", text); } } Here's what you see when you run ch01_02 and type Hello C#! : C:\>ch01_02 Type some text: Hello C#! You typed Hello C#! C# uses definite assignment , which means that you must initialize a variable before using it (there are a few exceptions to this rule, as you'll see when creating methods ). That means that this code will not compile: int value; System.Console.WriteLine(value); There's no official recommendation on how to name variables, but you'll usually see "Camel" notation used for variables (Microsoft no longer recommends its earlier "Hungarian" notation); in this notation, you can make up a variable name of several words, each of which begins with a leading capital letter except the first, like this: dayOfTheMonth , monthOfTheYear , and so on. For all other identifiers, you usually use Pascal notation, where all the words that make up an identifier begin with a leading capital letter, such as the methods CalculateCompoundInterest , WriteLine , ConnectToInternet , and so on.
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