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callers for methods, 60, 471
calling methods, 60, 66–67
Canvas class, 377
CardLayout manager, 325
carets (^)
for bitwise operator, 40–41
for boolean operator, 46–48
in compound assignment, 51
Cartesian coordinates, 277, 278
case statements, 79
catch blocks
defined, 469
execution in, 202–203
with instanceof, 212–216, 216
multiple, 210–212
safety net, 213
catching exceptions, 202–203
CboxAndChoice class, 352–353
CboxInnaFrame class, 296
Center region, 317–319, 319
CenteredOval class, 282, 283
chaining
defined, 469
input, 259, 259
output, 256, 257
chains of constructions
defined, 469
in inheritance, 149–152, 149
char data type
with result types, 52–53, 53
for text, 25
wrapper class for, 240
character code for files, 263
characters, 25
charAt method, 233
charIndexToX method, 383, 386
Chart class, 182–185, 183
checkboxes
events from, 351–353, 351
in flow layout managers, 316
working with, 296–300, 296–298, 300
CheckboxGroup class, 299
checked exceptions, 205
with stack traces, 216–217
throwing, 217–220
working with, 208–209
CheckedCbox class, 297
Choice class, 302
choices
events from, 351–353, 353
working with, 301–304, 301–302, 304
ChooseFontByRadios class, 301
circles, 280
clamp method, 75
class definitions, 35, 120
class files
compiler output, 19, 29
defined, 469
class keyword, 119
class loaders
defined, 469
functions of, 132–133, 170
.class suffix, 19, 29
classes, 119–120, 119
abstract, 182–185, 183
core. See core classes and packages
in packages, 165
classname-dot-staticVariableName syntax, 130
classpath elements, 168–170, 469
CLASSPATH environment variable
for executables
in Macintosh, 402–403
in Windows, 396, 398–399
for packages, 169
-classpath option in javac, 169
close method, 251, 258
closing streams, 251
colons (:)
in classpath elements, 169
for labels, 96
in ternary operator, 77
color
in final project, 368–376, 369, 372, 378–389, 379
for frames, 271, 275–276
for painting, 273–276, 275–276
Color class, 183, 237–238, 274
Color Lab program, 275–276, 275–276
ColorChoice class, 374–375
ColorChoiceTest class, 374–375
ColorTest class, 372–374
columns in text areas, 310
command-line arguments, 235–236, 235
comments
defined, 469
in Frame Lab, 287
painting, 383–384
types of, 36
comparison operators, 50–51
compatibility, backward, 228
compiled languages, 16–17
vs. assembly, 17–18, 18
defined, 469
compiler
downloading, 396
for packages, 166–167, 168, 169
references with, 155
compiling, 206
components, 102, 292, 292
buttons, 293–295, 293, 295
checkboxes
events from, 351–353, 351
in flow layout managers, 316
working with, 296–300, 296–298, 300
choices
events from, 351–353, 353
working with, 301–304, 301–302, 304
defined, 469
events for. See events
exercise questions for, 327–328
exercise solutions for, 448–454
labels, 304–305, 305
layout managers. See layout managers
menus, 305–309, 307–308
scrollbars, 312–313, 313
text areas, 310–312, 311–312
text fields, 309–310, 310
compound assignments, 51
computePixel method, 90
concat method, 233
concatenation of strings, 233, 237–239, 238–239
ConcatLab animated illustration, 238–239, 238–239
conditionals, 74
defined, 469
exercise questions for, 98–99
exercise solutions for, 416–420
in for loops, 87, 87
if statements, 74–76
switch statement, 77–81
ternary operator, 76–77
ConnectException class, 210–211, 213–215, 219
constants
benefits of, 181–182
in interfaces, 193–194
construction
chains of, 149–152, 149
defined, 469
with new, 111
ConstructorLab animated illustration, 150–152
constructors, 146–147
in API pages, 227, 227
default, 148–149
defined, 469
overloading, 147–148
Container class, 313
containers, 469
contexts, graphics, 277
continue statement
labeled, 94–97
purpose of, 89–90
coordinates, 277, 278
core classes and packages, 205, 222–223
API pages for, 222–228, 224–227
exercise questions for, 244–246
exercise solutions for, 440–442
java.lang, 228
java.lang.Integer, 240–241
java.lang.Math, 243–244
java.lang.Object, 236–239, 238–239
java.lang.String, 229–236, 231–232, 234–235
java.lang.System, 241–243
cos method, 243
-cp option in javac, 169
CreateArrayLab animated illusion, 111–113, 113
.cshrc file for paths, 402
curly brackets ({})
for arrays, 105
for constructors, 146
for definitions, 35
for do-while loops, 86
in for loops, 91
for if statements, 74
for interfaces, 188
for method declarations, 59
for scope, 68
for while loops, 82
cycloids, 91–92, 91
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