The following typographical conventions are used in this book: -
- Plain text
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Indicates cell identifiers, named ranges, menu titles, menu options, menu buttons , and keyboard accelerators (such as Alt and Ctrl). -
- Italic
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Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, directories, and variables in text. -
- Constant width
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Used for commands, options, switches, variables, attributes, keys, functions, types, classes, namespaces, methods , modules, properties, parameters, values, objects, events, event handlers, XML tags, HTML tags, macros, the contents of files, or the output from commands. -
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Constant width bold -
Used to show commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user , as well as to emphasize important lines of code. -
- Constant width italic
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Used in examples, tables, and commands to show text that should be replaced with user-supplied values. -
- [RETURN]
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A carriage return ( [RETURN] ) at the end of a line of code is used to denote an unnatural line break; that is, you should not enter these as two lines of code, but as one continuous line. Multiple lines are used in these cases due to page width constraints. You should pay special attention to notes set apart from the text with the following icons: | This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note. | | | This icon indicates a warning or caution. | | The thermometer icons, found next to each hack, indicate the relative complexity of the hack: |